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Coregency
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===China=== Co-regency was common amongst the Chinese ethnics both formally or informally dating far back to the Han dynasty to the Late Qing dynasty, if it happened to be so that a new Emperor ascended the throne and was mature but not well adept with politics, it was a national concern for stability in which the monarch was the head of state [[de jure]] whereas a co-regent was its [[de facto]] ruler. The requirements for the position of co-regent depended on the power of an individual along with their ability to command the Confidence of the Parliament and it could be an official in the Imperial Court, a close and trustworthy [[paternal]] or [[maternal]] relative or the most appropriate being the Most Senior Member of the Imperial family in the Palace which was either the [[Grand Empress Dowager]] or the [[Empress Dowager]]. The absence of all these specific personalities could rarely pave way for the monarch's wife if she seemed more competent. The most outstanding co-regencies were those of Empress Wu Zetian during the Tang dynasty in the reign of her husband that [[Emperor Gaozong of Tang|Gaozong Emperor]] even if it was informal, the [[Empress Dowager Xiang]] became co-regent for the [[Emperor Huizong of Song]], her adopted son in 1100 while the [[Grand Empress Dowager Wu]] became co-regent of the [[Emperor Guangzong]] of [[Southern Song]] in the year 1189 even if his [[Empress Li Fengniang]] later posthumously honored as [[Ciyi]] became the de facto ruler, Empress Dowager Yang served as co-regent of the [[Emperor Lizong]] from 1224 until her death in 1233 even if she soon surpassed his own influence and ruled ultimately like an [[Empress Regnant]] even if she was never actually one. During the [[Qing dynasty]] the Empress Dowagers Ci'an of the Manchu [[Niohuru]] clan along with Ci'xi of the Manchu [[Yehenara]] clan served as Co-regents from 1861 until Ci'an's death in 1881 where Ci'xi became sole regent for the [[Guangxu Emperor|Guanxu Emperor]] until she was overthrown in 1908, it was more interesting during her time that Ci'an particularly specialized in handling the affairs of the Imperial family and left Ci'xi to dominate the political scene much as contemporary history suggests that Ci'an was more willing to keep Ci'xi as her ally than to make her an enemy given the fact that Ci'xi welded more political power than she ever did she in turn eliminated any form of competition for supremacy with the latter even if she was Senior to her.
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