Editing DNA paternity testing (section)

==History==
Parental testing has evolved significantly since the 1920s. The earliest method was blood typing, relying on the inheritance of blood types discovered in 1901. In blood typing, the [[blood type]]s, of the child and the alleged parents are compared to assess the possibility of a parental linkage. For instance, two type O parents can only have type O children, while type B parents can have type B or O offspring. However, this method was limited, excluding about 30% of potential parents based solely on blood type.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of DNA Testing - DNA Diagnostics Center |url=http://www.dnacenter.com/science-technology/dna-history-1920.html}}</ref> 

In the 1930s, [[serology|serological]] testing improved the process by examining proteins in the blood, with an exclusion rate of around 40%.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of DNA Testing - DNA Diagnostics Center |url=http://www.dnacenter.com/science-technology/dna-history-1930.html}}</ref> The 1960s brought Human Leukocyte Antigen ([[Human leukocyte antigen|HLA]]) typing, which compared genetic markers in white blood cells, achieving about 80% accuracy but struggling to differentiate between close relatives.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Tuscaloosa News - Google News Archive Search |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1817&dat=19771223&id=AAkdAAAAIBAJ&pg=6700,5859572 |website=news.google.com}}</ref><ref name="answers">{{Cite journal |last1=Thuesen |first1=Nikolas Hallberg |last2=Klausen |first2=Michael Schantz |last3=Gopalakrishnan |first3=Shyam |last4=Trolle |first4=Thomas |last5=Renaud |first5=Gabriel |date=2022-11-08 |title=Benchmarking freely available HLA typing algorithms across varying genes, coverages and typing resolutions |journal=Frontiers in Immunology |language=English |volume=13 |doi=10.3389/fimmu.2022.987655 |issn=1664-3224 |pmc=9679531 |pmid=36426357 |doi-access=free}}</ref>  

The 1970s saw advancements with the discovery of  [[restriction enzyme]], leading to Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ( [[Restriction fragment length polymorphism|RFLP]]) testing in the 1980s, which offered high accuracy. By the 1990s, Polymerase Chain Reaction ([[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]) became the standard, providing faster, simpler, and more accurate results with exclusion rates of 99.99% or higher, revolutionizing parental testing in both legal and familial matters.<ref name="answers" />