Editing DNA sequencing (section)

=== Medicine ===
Medical technicians may sequence genes (or, theoretically, full genomes) from patients to determine if there is risk of genetic diseases. This is a form of [[genetic testing]], though some genetic tests may not involve DNA sequencing.

As of 2013 DNA sequencing was increasingly used to diagnose and treat rare diseases. As more and more genes are identified that cause rare genetic diseases, molecular diagnoses for patients become more mainstream. DNA sequencing allows clinicians to identify genetic diseases, improve disease management, provide reproductive counseling, and more effective therapies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Boycott |first1=Kym M. |last2=Vanstone |first2=Megan R. |last3=Bulman |first3=Dennis E. |last4=MacKenzie |first4=Alex E. |title=Rare-disease genetics in the era of next-generation sequencing: discovery to translation |journal=Nature Reviews Genetics |date=October 2013 |volume=14 |issue=10 |pages=681–691 |doi=10.1038/nrg3555 |pmid=23999272 |s2cid=8496181 }}</ref> Gene sequencing panels are used to identify multiple potential genetic causes of a suspected disorder.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bean |first1=Lora |last2=Funke |first2=Birgit |last3=Carlston |first3=Colleen M. |last4=Gannon |first4=Jennifer L. |last5=Kantarci |first5=Sibel |last6=Krock |first6=Bryan L. |last7=Zhang |first7=Shulin |last8=Bayrak-Toydemir |first8=Pinar |date=March 2020 |title=Diagnostic gene sequencing panels: from design to report—a technical standard of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) |journal=Genetics in Medicine |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=453–461 |doi=10.1038/s41436-019-0666-z |issn=1098-3600|doi-access=free |pmid=31732716 }}</ref>

Also, DNA sequencing may be useful for determining a specific bacteria, to allow for more [[Antimicrobial spectrum|precise antibiotics treatments]], hereby reducing the risk of creating [[antimicrobial resistance]] in bacteria populations.<ref>{{cite journal| pmid=28425484 | doi=10.1038/srep46327 | volume=7 | title=''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' resistance prediction and lineage classification from genome sequencing: comparison of automated analysis tools | year=2017 | journal=Sci Rep | page=46327 | vauthors=Schleusener V, Köser CU, Beckert P, Niemann S, Feuerriegel S| pmc=7365310 | bibcode=2017NatSR...746327S | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| pmid=31106066 | doi=10.7717/peerj.6857 | volume=7 | title=A large scale evaluation of TBProfiler and Mykrobe for antibiotic resistance prediction in ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' | pmc=6500375 | year=2019 | journal=PeerJ | page=e6857 | vauthors=Mahé P, El Azami M, Barlas P, Tournoud M | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>[https://innovation.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Mykrobe-predictor-Poster.pdf Mykrobe predictor –Antibiotic resistance prediction for S. aureus and M. tuberculosis from whole genome sequence data]</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bradley |first1=Phelim |last2=Gordon |first2=N. Claire |last3=Walker |first3=Timothy M. |last4=Dunn |first4=Laura |last5=Heys |first5=Simon |last6=Huang |first6=Bill |last7=Earle |first7=Sarah |last8=Pankhurst |first8=Louise J. |last9=Anson |first9=Luke |last10=de Cesare |first10=Mariateresa |last11=Piazza |first11=Paolo |last12=Votintseva |first12=Antonina A. |last13=Golubchik |first13=Tanya |last14=Wilson |first14=Daniel J. |last15=Wyllie |first15=David H. |last16=Diel |first16=Roland |last17=Niemann |first17=Stefan |last18=Feuerriegel |first18=Silke |last19=Kohl |first19=Thomas A. |last20=Ismail |first20=Nazir |last21=Omar |first21=Shaheed V. |last22=Smith |first22=E. Grace |last23=Buck |first23=David |last24=McVean |first24=Gil |last25=Walker |first25=A. Sarah |last26=Peto |first26=Tim E. A. |last27=Crook |first27=Derrick W. |last28=Iqbal |first28=Zamin |title=Rapid antibiotic-resistance predictions from genome sequence data for Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis |journal=Nature Communications |date=21 December 2015 |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=10063 |doi=10.1038/ncomms10063 |pmid=26686880 |pmc=4703848 |bibcode=2015NatCo...610063B }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tvo.org/transcript/115187X/michael-mosley-vs-the-superbugs |title=Michael Mosley vs the superbugs |access-date=21 October 2019 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124174040/https://www.tvo.org/transcript/115187X/michael-mosley-vs-the-superbugs |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Mykrobe|date=2022-12-24|url=https://github.com/Mykrobe-tools/mykrobe|publisher=Mykrobe-tools|access-date=2023-01-02}}</ref>