Editing Dahomey (section)

=== Rule of Ghezo (1818–1859) ===
When [[Ghezo|King Ghezo]] ascended the throne in 1818, he was confronted by two immediate obstacles: the Kingdom of Dahomey was in political turmoil, and it was financially unstable.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Adeyinka |first=Augustus A. |year=1974 |title=King Gezo of Dahomey, 1818-1858: A Reassessment of a West African Monarch in the Nineteenth Century |journal=African Studies Review |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=541–548|doi=10.2307/523800 |jstor=523800 |s2cid=144269135 }}</ref> First, he needed to gain political independence by removing the [[Tributary state|tributary]] yoke that the [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] empire of [[Oyo Empire|Oyo]] had over the Dahomey since 1748. Secondly, he needed to revitalize the Dahomey economy.<ref name=":1" /> Both of these objectives relied on the slave trade. King Ghezo implemented new military strategies, which allowed them to take a physical stand against the Oyo, who were also a major competitor in the slave trade. He also put stipulations on Dahomey's participation in the slave trade. Under his reign, no longer would the Dahomey be traded, as they were under the leadership of his brother, [[Adandozan]].<ref name=":1" /> Dahomey would focus on capturing their enemies and trading them instead. King Ghezo sought to eventually lead his people toward the "legitimate" trade of palm oil.<ref name=":1" />

The Dahomey were soon met with victory when they brought down the Oyo Empire and its yoke at Paonignan in 1827. While [[Empire of Brazil|Brazil]]'s demand for [[Slavery in Brazil|slaves]] increased in 1830, the British started a campaign to [[Abolitionism|abolish]] the slave trade in Africa. The British government began putting significant pressure on King Ghezo in the 1840s to end the slave trade in Dahomey. King Ghezo responded to these requests by emphasizing that he was unable to end the slave trade because of domestic pressure. He explained to them that the entire region had become dependent on the slave trading, so ending immediately would destabilize his kingdom and lead to anarchy. King William Dappa Pepple of [[Kingdom of Bonny|Bonny]] and [[Kosoko|King Kosoko]] of [[Oba of Lagos|Lagos]] took the same stance toward the British requests. Instead, King Ghezo proposed an expansion of the [[palm oil]] trade and gradual abolition of the slave trade.<ref name=":1" />

King Ghezo's reign was marked by great battles and significant changes to the empire, including the elevation of the [[Dahomey Amazons|Agojie]]. These "Dahomey Amazon" were pivotal to the defeat of Oyo Empire. His reign also cemented the Kingdom of Dahomey as one of the most powerful African kingdoms that stood against attempts by European missionaries, with [[Egba people|Egba]] support, at converting people to Christianity, and maintained their [[Traditional African religions|traditional religion]], known as [[West African Vodun|Vodun]]. He abolished the human sacrifice of slaves and removed the death penalty for certain lesser offenses, such as adultery. Despite the kingdom's history of brutality, King Ghezo was often characterized as honorable and unconquerable, even by his enemies. British missionary [[Thomas Birch Freeman]] described him as "one of the most remarkable men of his age, whether we consider him in his private capacity as a man, or as a warrior and a statesmen."<ref name=":1" />