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Dd (Unix)
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=== Data transfer === The command can duplicate data across files, devices, partitions and volumes, and it can transform data during transfer as specified via option {{code|conv}}. In some cases, data transfer is faster with {{code|cat}}.<ref name="relevant" /> To create an [[ISO image|ISO]] [[disk image]] from a [[compact disc|CD-ROM]], [[DVD]] or [[Blu-ray]] disc:<ref>{{cite web | url=https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Optical_disc_drive#Creating_an_ISO_image_from_a_CD,_DVD,_or_BD | title=Creating an ISO image from a CD, DVD, or BD | work=ArchWiki | accessdate=April 18, 2022 | archive-date=April 18, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418171303/https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Optical_disc_drive#Creating_an_ISO_image_from_a_CD,_DVD,_or_BD | url-status=live }}</ref> <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> blocks=$(isosize -d 2048 /dev/sr0) dd if=/dev/sr0 of=isoimage.iso bs=2048 count=$blocks status=progress </syntaxhighlight> To restore a drive from an image file: <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> dd if=system.img of=/dev/sdc bs=64M conv=noerror </syntaxhighlight> To create an image of partition sdb2, using a 64 MiB block size: <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> dd if=/dev/sdb2 of=partition.image bs=64M conv=noerror </syntaxhighlight> To [[Disk cloning|clone]] one [[Disk partitioning|partition]] to another: <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/dev/sdb2 bs=64M conv=noerror </syntaxhighlight> To clone drive ad0 to ad1; ignoring any errors: <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> dd if=/dev/ad0 of=/dev/ad1 bs=64M conv=noerror </syntaxhighlight>
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