Editing Dnipro (section)

===Early history===
[[File:Lapidarium of Dnipropetrovs'k Museum of Local History 03 (YDS 6897).jpg|thumb|A part of the [[Cumans|Cuman]] statue collection of the [[Dmytro Yavornytsky National Historical Museum of Dnipro]]]]
Human settlements in current [[Dnipropetrovsk Oblast]] date from the [[Paleolithic]] era.<ref name="EmberEmber0717256987"/> According to archeological finds, in the Paleolithic period (7—3 thousand BC) human settlements appear near the {{ill|Aptekarska brook|uk|Аптекарська балка (Дніпро)}} in what is now [[Chechelivskyi District]] and on [[Monastyrskyi Island]].<ref name="PakhomenkovNadporizhePrydniprovye">{{cite web |author=Yuri Pakhomenkov|title=History of Nadporizhe – Prydniprovye (from the first people to the 17th century)|url=https://gorod.dp.ua/history/article_ua.php?article=2|website=gorod.dp.ua|date=2000|access-date=16 October 2022|language=Ukrainian}}</ref> A [[Neolithic]] stonecrafter's house has been excavated in one of Dnipro's city parks.<ref name="EmberEmber0717256987"/> In the [[Bronze Age]] the area was settled by diverse tribes.<ref name="EmberEmber0717256987">{{cite book |author=Melvin Ember, Carol R. Ember |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TpRUAAAAMAAJ&q=Human+settlements+in+the+Dnipropetrovsk+area+date+from+the+Paleolithic+era+,+and+an+Neolithic+stonecrafters+house+has+been+excavated+in+one+of+the+city+parks+.+In+the+Bronze+Age+the+area+was+settled+by+diverse+tribes+,+including+... |title=Encyclopedia of Urban Cultures: Cities and Cultures Around the World, Volume 2 |date=2002 |publisher=Grolier Academic Reference |isbn=0717256987 |page=158 |edition=4th |language=English}}</ref> Traces of [[Cimmerian]] settlements during the Bronze Age have been found near today's [[Taras Shevchenko Park]].<ref name="PakhomenkovNadporizhePrydniprovye"/> The area of modern Dnipro was part of the [[Scythians|Scythian empire]] from approximately the 1st century BC until the 3rd century BC.<ref name="HistDniObla879"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Andrew |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GHWhCgAAQBAJ&dq=dnipropetrovsk+Scythians&pg=PA29 |title=The Ukrainians: Unexpected Nation |date=2015 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven and London |isbn=978-0-300-21725-4 |page=29 and 28 |edition=4th |language=English}}</ref> During the [[Migration Period]] (300–800) nomadic tribes of the [[Huns]], [[Pannonian Avars|Avars]], [[Bulgarians]], and [[Magyars]] passed through the lands of the [[Dnieper]] region, they came into contact with local agricultural [[East Slavs]].<ref name="HistDniObla879"/>

The area of modern Dnipro was part of the [[Kievan Rus']] (882–1240).<ref name="HistDniObla879">{{cite web |author=S. Svitlenko % O. Shlyakhov |title=Dnipropetrovsk region: milestones of historical progress |url=https://www.dnu.dp.ua/news/879 |website=[[Oles Honchar Dnipro National University]] |date=2012|access-date=7 October 2022|language=Ukrainian}}</ref> The region witnessed fighting between the armies of Kievan Rus' and [[Khazars]], [[Pechenegs]], [[Tork people]] and [[Cumans]].<ref name="HistDniObla879"/> In the 13th century the Dnieper region was devastated during the [[Mongol Empire]] [[Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'|conquest of Kievan Rus']].<ref name="HistDniObla879"/> The area of modern Dnipro city was incorporated into the Mongol's [[khanate]] [[Golden Horde]].<ref name="5CN%5CDnipropetrovskoblast">{{cite web |author=Volodymyr Kubijovyč, Ihor Stebelsky |title=Dnipropetrovsk oblast |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CD%5CN%5CDnipropetrovskoblast.htm |website=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |date=2020|access-date=7 October 2022|language=English}}</ref>

In the 15th century the area became part of the [[Kiev Voivodeship]] (1471–1565) of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].<ref name="5CN%5CDnipropetrovskoblast"/> Archeological finds in today's Dnipro's urban district [[Samarskyi District]] suggest that the important river crossing was a trading settlement from at least 1524.<ref name="ukrainianweek198459" /> In 1635, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth built the [[Kodak Fortress]] above the [[Dnieper Rapids]] at ''Kodaky'' on the south-eastern outskirts of modern Dnipro near the current [[Kaidatsky Bridge]],<ref name="midnipromuseumnovyjkodak"/> only to have it destroyed within months by the [[Zaporozhian Cossacks|Cossacks]] of [[Ivan Sulyma]].<ref name="SerhiiPlokhy">Plokhy, Serhii, ''The Cossacks and Religion in Early Modern Ukraine'', pub Oxford University Press, 2001, {{ISBN|0-19-924739-0}}, pages 26, 37, 40, 51, 60–1, 142, 245, and 268.</ref> Rebuilt in 1645,<ref name="midnipromuseumnovyjkodak"/> it was captured by [[Zaporozhian Sich]] in 1648.<ref name="ukrainianweek198459"/>

Around the fortress a settlement emerged that became a town in {{ill|Kodak Palanka|uk|Кодацька паланка|pl|Pałanka kudacka}} (province) of the Zaporizhian Sich called {{ill|Novi Kodaky|lt=Novyi (New) Kodak|uk|Нові Кодаки}}.<ref name="midnipromuseumnovyjkodak"/> Cossacks often hid the true number of the population to reduce taxation and other obligations, but according to documentary evidence, it can be assumed that the population of New Kodak was at least 3,000 people.<ref name="midnipromuseumnovyjkodak"/> The fortress was garrisoned by Cossacks until the Sich, allied with the [[Ottoman Empire]] and their [[Crimean Khanate|Tartar vassals]], drove out the encroaching [[Tsardom of Russia]]. Under the terms of the Russian withdrawal—the [[Treaty of the Pruth]] in 1711—the Kodak fortress was demolished.<ref name="ukrainianweek198459"/><ref name="Kodak_Pruth">[https://day.kyiv.ua/en/article/time-out/above-kodak day.kyiv.ua ''Above Kodak, this year the unique fortress marks its 375th anniversary''], by Mykola Chaban, 2010.</ref>

In the mid-1730s, the fortress and Russians returned, living in an uneasy cohabitation with local cossacks.<ref name="ukrainianweek198459" /> From mid-century they co-existed with the Zaporozhian [[sloboda (settlement)|sloboda]] (or "free settlement") of ''Polovytsia'' located on the site of today's Central Terminal and the ''Ozyorka'' farmers market.<ref name="eugene" /><ref name="ukrssr2">[http://ukrssr.com.ua/dnipro/viniknennya-i-rozvitok-mista-dnipropetrovsk Establishment and development of the Dnipropetrovsk city (Виникнення і розвиток міста Дніпропетровськ)]. [[The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR]].</ref>

In the [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)]], the Zaporozhian cossacks allied with [[Catherine the Great|Empress Catherine II]]. No sooner had they assisted the Russians to victory than they faced an imperial ultimatum to disband their confederation. The [[Liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich|liquidation of the Sich]] destroyed their political autonomy and saw the incorporation of their lands into the new governates of [[New Russia Governorate|Novorossiya]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zaporizhia National University |last2=Milchev |first2=Vladimir |last3=Sen' |first3=Dmitry |last4=Kalmyk Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences |date=2018 |title=The Plans for the Abolition of the Zaporozhian Host and their Implementation (1740s–1770s): Cossack Ambitions vs Imperial Interests |journal=Quaestio Rossica |url=https://qr.urfu.ru/ojs/index.php/qr/article/view/302 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=385–402 |doi=10.15826/qr.2018.2.302|doi-access=free |hdl=10995/61114 |hdl-access=free | issn = 2311-911X }}</ref> In 1784, Catherine ordered the foundation of new city, commonly referred to at the time as Katerynoslav.<ref name="midnipromuseumnovyjkodak" />

In 2001 the seal of Kodak Palanka became the central element of {{ill|Dnipro's coat of arms|uk|Герб Дніпра}} and {{ill|Dnipro's official flag|uk|Прапор Дніпра}}.<ref name="midnipromuseumnovyjkodak"/>