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East Java
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=== Japanese occupation and revolution === [[File:Surabaya, Netherlands East Indies, under attack, 17 May 1944 (NNAM.1996.488.024.025).jpg|thumb|[[Operation Transom]], destroyed [[Port of Tanjung Perak|Tanjung Perak]] in 1944]] During the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]], there was persistent resistance against the Japanese rule. In [[Blitar]], an uprising by ''[[Defenders of the Homeland|Pembela Tanah Air]]'' (PETA) led by [[Supriyadi]], Moeradi, Halir Mangkudijoyo, and Soemarto occurred in early 1945, but it was crushed by the Japanese. Two weeks after the [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|proclamation of independence]], [[Surabaya]] established its own government under, [[Sudirman|Raden Sudirman]]. The formation of government in Surabaya caused disputes between the republican forces and Japanese troops, resulting in various skirmishes across the city. This was because when the Japanese surrendered, they were obliged to remain in power until the allied forces arrived. The arrival of allied forces in Surabaya created tensions with the newly established government of Indonesia, reaching peak on 10 November 1945 where a major [[Battle of Surabaya|battle]] between the Surabayan residents led by [[Sutomo]] and allied forces. The battle forced the governor, Suryo, on the advice of People's Security Army (TKR), to move the seat of the government to [[Mojokerto]]. A week later, the government retreated again to a more secure location in Kediri. However, security situation Kediri worsen until finally, in February 1947, the East Java provincial government fled to Malang. While the administration was based in Malang, Governor [[Ario Soerjo|Soerjo]] was replaced by R.P. Suroso, who was in turn replaced again by Dr. Moerdjani. On 21 July 1947, although still bound by the [[Linggadjati Agreement]], a ceasefire agreement in effect since 14 October 1946, the Dutch commenced a military action, [[Operation Product]], which led to deteriorating security conditions in Malang. The East Java provincial government moved again to Blitar. This military action ended after the [[Renville Agreement]]. However, this agreement reduced the territory controlled by the East Java provincial government. The Netherlands then turned the areas under its control into new federal states, the [[State of Madura]] and the [[State of East Java]]. Amid the difficulties faced by the government of Indonesia, a left-wing opposition group, ''Front Demokrasi Rakyat'' (FDR, People's Democratic Front) launched [[Madiun Affair|rebellion in Madiun]] on 18 September 1948. However, eventually this revolt was defeated by the [[Indonesian Army]]. On 19 December 1948, the Dutch launched [[Operation Kraai]]. Blitar, the seat of the East Java provincial government was attacked by the Dutch. Governor Moerdjani and his staff were forced to flee and joined the guerrillas on the slopes of [[Mount Wilis]]. Operation Kraai ended after the [[Roem–Van Roijen Agreement]] on 7 May 1949. Following the [[Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference]], at which the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty to the [[United States of Indonesia]], the Dutch withdrew its troops from East Java. East Java changed its status from a province into a state. However, on 25 February 1950, this was dissolved and became part of the territory of the [[Republic of Indonesia (1949–50)|Republic of Indonesia]]. The [[State of Madura]] also decided to join Indonesia.
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