Editing Elective monarchy (section)

====United Kingdom====
A system of elective monarchy existed in [[Anglo-Saxon England]] (see [[Witenagemot]]).<ref name=halden/>

[[John of England]] was chosen as King of England by a council of nobles and royal advisors at the death of his brother, [[Richard I]], in 1199 because the heir by strict primogeniture, [[Arthur of Brittany]], was a child at that time. This affirmed the principle of elective monarchy.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Figgis |first1=John Neville |title=The Divine Right of Kings |date=1914 |publisher=CUP Archive |pages=79–80}}</ref>

In 14th, 15th, late 17th and early 18th century England, the evolving relations between the Crown and [[Parliament of England|Parliament]] resulted in a monarchy with both hereditary and quasi-elective elements<ref>{{cite book |last1=Christopher Edward Taucar |title=The British System of Government and Its Historical Development |date=2014 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press |isbn=978-0773596566 |pages=275–276}}</ref> – at least as between various contenders with some dynastic claim for the throne. [[Henry IV of England]] was chosen by Parliament in 1399 to replace [[Richard II of England|Richard II]]. Richard was childless, and the [[Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March|Earl of March]], the next in line to the throne, was a young child at the time, so Parliament bypassed him in favour of Henry, who had led a revolt against Richard. Parliament also confirmed depositions during the [[Wars of the Roses]], as well as Henry VIII's settlements of the crown. During the [[Exclusion Crisis]], King Charles II strongly opposed any such idea.

Following the [[Glorious Revolution]], Parliament enacted the [[Succession to the Crown Act 1707|Act of Succession]], whose effect was to disinherit the Stuarts and replace them by the [[Hanoverians]], whose dynastic claim was far more remote. [[William III of England|William III]] and [[Mary II of England|Mary II]] were chosen by Parliament to replace [[James II of England|James II]]. (Mary was James' daughter, William was James' nephew, and William and Mary were succeeded by Mary's younger sister [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Anne]].) Parliament passed [[Act of Settlement 1701|laws]] in the late 17th and early 18th centuries which explicitly excluded Catholics (and thus the male descendants of James II) from the [[succession to the British throne|order of succession]]. The [[Succession to the Crown Act 2013]], replaced male-preference primogeniture with absolute primogeniture and ended disqualification of a person who married a Roman Catholic from succession.

In Scotland, the [[Declaration of Arbroath]] of 1320 asserted the rights of the nobles to choose a king if required, which implied elective monarchy.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bob Harris |last2=Alan R. MacDonald |title=Scotland: the making and unmaking of the nation, {{circa|1100-1707}}, Volume 2 |date=2007 |publisher=Dundee University Press |isbn=978-1845860288 |page=71}}</ref> [[Tanistry]] was also the system of royal succession until King Malcolm II in the early 11th century introduced direct inheritance. The Isle of Man also used tanistry.<ref>{{cite book |last1=James Panton |title=Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy |date=2011 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0810874978 |page=471}}</ref>