Editing Electronics (section)

=== Digital circuits ===
{{Main|Digital electronics}}
Digital circuits are electric circuits based on discrete voltage levels. Digital circuits use [[Boolean algebra]] and are the basis of all digital computers and microprocessor devices. They range from simple logic gates to large integrated circuits, employing millions of such gates.

Digital circuits use a [[binary system]] with two voltage levels labelled "0" and "1" to indicated logical status. Often logic "0" will be a lower voltage and referred to as "Low" while logic "1" is referred to as "High". However, some systems use the reverse definition ("0" is "High") or are current based. Quite often the logic designer may reverse these definitions from one circuit to the next as they see fit to facilitate their design. The definition of the levels as "0" or "1" is arbitrary.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Stephen |last2=Vranesic |first2=Zvonko |title=Fundamentals of Digital Logic|format=e-book |date= 2008 |publisher=McGraw Hill |isbn=978-0077144227 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8oVvEAAAQBAJ&dq=what+do+0+and+1+mean+in+binary+arbitrary+high+voltage&pg=PA78 |language=en |access-date=12 August 2022 |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004155236/https://www.google.com/books/edition/EBOOK_Fundamentals_of_Digital_Logic/8oVvEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=what+do+0+and+1+mean+in+binary+arbitrary+high+voltage&pg=PA78&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Ternary computer|Ternary]] (with three states) logic has been studied, and some prototype computers made, but have not gained any significant practical acceptance.<ref name="AoCP2">{{cite book |last=Knuth |first=Donald |title=The Art of Computer Programming |volume=2: Seminumerical Algorithms |pages=190–192 |publisher=Addison-Wesley |edition=2nd |date=1980 |isbn=0201038226|title-link=The Art of Computer Programming }}.</ref> Universally, [[Computer]]s and [[Digital signal processor]]s are constructed with [[Digital data|digital]] circuits using [[Transistor]]s such as [[MOSFET]]s in the electronic logic gates to generate binary states.
[[File:Logic-gates-circuits.png|thumb|A selection of logic gates, used extensively in digital electronics]]
* [[Logic gate]]s
* [[Adder (electronics)|Adders]]
* [[Flip-flop (electronics)|Flip-flops]]
* [[Counter (digital)|Counters]]
* [[Processor register|Registers]]
* [[Multiplexer]]s
* [[Schmitt trigger]]s

Highly integrated devices:
* [[Memory chip]]
* [[Microprocessor]]s
* [[Microcontroller]]s
* [[Application-specific integrated circuit]] (ASIC)
* [[Digital signal processor]] (DSP)
* [[Field-programmable gate array]] (FPGA)
* [[Field-programmable analog array]] (FPAA)
* [[System on chip]] (SOC)