Editing Embolization (section)

== Technique ==
[[File:Coiled PCA residual aneurysm arteriogram.JPG|thumb|Post-embolization arteriogram showing coiled aneurysm (indicated by yellow arrows) of the posterior cerebral artery with a residual aneurysmal sac]]
First developed by [[Sadek Hilal]] in 1968, embolization is a minimally invasive surgical technique.<ref>Hilal SK and Michelsen JW. "Therapeutic percutaneous embolization for extra-axial vascular lesions of the head, neck, and spine." J Neurosurg. 1975 Sep;43(3):275-87.</ref> The purpose is to prevent blood flow to an area of the body, which can effectively shrink a tumor or block an aneurysm.

The procedure is carried out as an endovascular procedure by an [[interventional radiologist]] in an interventional suite. It is common for most patients to have the treatment carried out with little or no sedation, although this depends largely on the organ to be embolized. Patients who undergo cerebral embolization or portal vein embolization are usually given a [[general anesthetic]].

Access to the organ in question is acquired by means of a guidewire and catheter(s). Depending on the organ this can be very difficult and time-consuming. The position of the correct artery or vein supplying the pathology in question is located by [[digital subtraction angiography]] (DSA). These images are then used as a map for the radiologist to gain access to the correct vessel by selecting an appropriate [[catheter]] and or wire, depending on the 'shape' of the surrounding anatomy.

Once in place, the treatment can begin. The artificial embolus used is usually one of the following:
* Coils: [[Guglielmi Detachable Coil]] or Hydrocoil
* Particles
* Foam
* Plug
* Microspheres or Beads

Once the artificial emboli have been successfully introduced, another set of DSA images are taken to confirm a successful deployment.