Editing Environmental noise (section)

=== European Union ===
{{Main|Environmental noise directive}}
The [[European Union]] has a special definition based on the [[Directive (European Union)|European directive]] 2002/49/EC article 10.1. This directive gives a definition for environmental noise. The main goal is to create an integrated [[Noise mitigation|noise management]] system. The Environmental Noise Directive (END) was created in the European Union to provide guidelines, laws, and standards in the management of environmental noise. The END has created noise mapping, noise action plans, and [[quiet areas]] to control environmental noise and the negative effects it can have on individuals.<ref>Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (July, 2009)."Environmental Noise" Retrieved April 12, 2019.</ref>

The implementation is divided into phases: In the first phase, the member states shall inform about major roads with more than six million vehicles a year, major railways with more than 60,000 trains per year, major airports with more than 50,000 movements per year and metropolitan areas with more than 250,000 inhabitants. In the second phase, these numbers are halved; only the criteria for airports remains unchanged. In the third and the following phases, the methods for calculation of the noise levels will change while the criteria remains unchanged. Each phase consists of three steps: the collection of the data from the main sources of noise, strategic [[noise map]]s and [[action plan]]s. The countries listed below follow the guidelines of the European Union.

There are many groups of people affected by environmental noise within the European Union. Shift workers, older adults, and those without proper insulation in their homes are just some of those affected.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Data and statistics|url=https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/environment-and-health/noise/data-and-statistics|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.euro.who.int|language=en}}</ref>  Within the European Union 40% of people are exposed to environmental noise in their daily commutes on the road which exceeds 55&nbsp;dB(A). During the daytime, approximately 20% of people are exposed to environmental noise levels above 65&nbsp;dB(A) and during the nighttime, 30% of people are exposed to environmental noise above 55&nbsp;dB(A).<ref name=":1" />

==== Austria ====

In [[Austria]] the institution which is responsible for the noise sources is also responsible for the noise maps concerning these sources. This means that the Federation is responsible for the federal roads and each [[States of Austria|state]] is responsible for the country's roads.

==== France ====
[[File:Lockheed Martin F-22A Raptor JSOH.jpg|thumb|Aircraft noise has been linked to high annoyance, leading to psychological-illness.]]
France reported 24 metropolitan areas. Paris was the biggest with 9.6&nbsp;million inhabitants and 272 square kilometres.

Many of France's residents are exposed to high levels of noise. Previously it was estimated that 10% of the population, approximately 2 million people, were exposed to above 70&nbsp;dB Leq. That number is estimated higher today.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Muzet|first=Alain|date=April 2007|title=Environmental noise, sleep and health|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1087079206001055|journal=Sleep Medicine Reviews|language=en|volume=11|issue=2|pages=135–142|doi=10.1016/j.smrv.2006.09.001|pmid=17317241|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Aircraft plays a major role in environmental noise. A study conducted in 2018 found that while [[Aircraft noise pollution|aircraft noise]] in decibel level cannot cause any [[Psychological illness|psychological-illness]], there is a link to how aircraft noise causes an annoyance to residents which then leads to psychological illness.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Baudin|first1=Clémence|last2=Lefèvre|first2=Marie|last3=Champelovier|first3=Patricia|last4=Lambert|first4=Jacques|last5=Laumon|first5=Bernard|last6=Evrard|first6=Anne-Sophie|date=August 2018|title=Aircraft Noise and Psychological Ill-Health: The Results of a Cross-Sectional Study in France|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=15|issue=8|page=1642|doi=10.3390/ijerph15081642|issn=1661-7827|pmc=6121613|pmid=30081458|doi-access=free}}</ref> The sensitivity of noise among people has an association with environmental noise and those affects.<ref name=":2" />

==== Germany ====

Germany implemented national regulations in 2005 and 2006 and reported 27 metropolitan areas in the first phase. [[Berlin]] was the most populated with 3.39&nbsp;million inhabitants and 889 square kilometres, [[Hamburg]] was considered the largest with 1,045 square kilometres and 2 million inhabitants. The smallest was [[Gelsenkirchen]] with 270,000 inhabitants and 105 square kilometres. In the national legislation, noise resulting from [[recreational activities]] like sports and leisure is not considered as environmental noise.