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==Cybernetics== In applying corrections to the trajectory or course being steered, [[cybernetics]] can be seen as the most general approach to error and its correction for the achievement of any goal. The term was suggested by [[Norbert Wiener]] to describe a new science of control and information in the animal and the machine. Wiener's early work was on [[noise]]. The cybernetician [[Gordon Pask]] held that the error that drives a [[servomechanism]] can be seen as a difference between a pair of analogous concepts in a servomechanism: the current state and the goal state. Later he suggested error can also be seen as an innovation or a contradiction depending on the context and perspective of interacting (observer) participants. The founder of [[management cybernetics]], [[Stafford Beer]], applied these ideas most notably in his [[viable system model]].
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