Editing Exercise (section)

=== Cancer ===
A systematic review evaluated 45 studies that examined the relationship between physical activity and cancer survival rates. According to the review, "[there] was consistent evidence from 27 observational studies that physical activity is associated with reduced all-cause, breast cancer–specific, and colon cancer–specific mortality. There is currently insufficient evidence regarding the association between physical activity and mortality for survivors of other cancers."<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ballard-Barbash R, Friedenreich CM, Courneya KS, Siddiqi SM, McTiernan A, Alfano CM | title = Physical activity, biomarkers, and disease outcomes in cancer survivors: a systematic review | journal = Journal of the National Cancer Institute | volume = 104 | issue = 11 | pages = 815–840 | date = June 2012 | pmid = 22570317 | pmc = 3465697 | doi = 10.1093/jnci/djs207 }}</ref> Evidence suggests that exercise may positively affect the quality of life in cancer survivors, including factors such as anxiety, self-esteem and emotional well-being.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mishra SI, Scherer RW, Geigle PM, Berlanstein DR, Topaloglu O, Gotay CC, Snyder C | title = Exercise interventions on health-related quality of life for cancer survivors | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 8 | pages = CD007566 | date = August 2012 | volume = 2012 | pmid = 22895961 | pmc = 7387117 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.cd007566.pub2 }}</ref> For people with cancer undergoing active treatment, exercise may also have positive effects on health-related quality of life, such as fatigue and physical functioning.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mishra SI, Scherer RW, Snyder C, Geigle PM, Berlanstein DR, Topaloglu O | title = Exercise interventions on health-related quality of life for people with cancer during active treatment | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 8 | pages = CD008465 | date = August 2012 | volume = 2012 | pmid = 22895974 | pmc = 7389071 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.cd008465.pub2 }}</ref> This is likely to be more pronounced with higher intensity exercise.<ref name=":1" />

Exercise may contribute to a reduction of [[cancer-related fatigue]] in survivors of breast cancer.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Meneses-Echávez JF, González-Jiménez E, Ramírez-Vélez R | title = Effects of supervised exercise on cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = BMC Cancer | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 77 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25885168 | pmc = 4364505 | doi = 10.1186/s12885-015-1069-4 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Although there is only limited scientific evidence on the subject, people with [[cancer cachexia]] are encouraged to engage in physical exercise.<ref name="pmid26401466">{{cite journal | vauthors = Grande AJ, Silva V, Maddocks M | title = Exercise for cancer cachexia in adults: Executive summary of a Cochrane Collaboration systematic review | journal = Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 208–211 | date = September 2015 | pmid = 26401466 | pmc = 4575551 | doi = 10.1002/jcsm.12055 }}</ref> Due to various factors, some individuals with cancer cachexia have a limited capacity for physical exercise.<ref name="pmid29891116">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sadeghi M, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Baracos V, Arends J, Mahmoudi M, Rezaei N | title = Cancer cachexia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment | journal = Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology | volume = 127 | pages = 91–104 | date = July 2018 | pmid = 29891116 | doi = 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.006 | s2cid = 48363786 }}</ref><ref name="pmid29440149" /> [[Compliance (medicine)|Compliance]] with prescribed exercise is low in individuals with cachexia and clinical trials of exercise in this population often have high drop-out rates.<ref name="pmid29891116" /><ref name="pmid29440149">{{cite journal | vauthors = Solheim TS, Laird BJ, Balstad TR, Bye A, Stene G, Baracos V, Strasser F, Griffiths G, Maddocks M, Fallon M, Kaasa S, Fearon K | display-authors = 6 | title = Cancer cachexia: rationale for the MENAC (Multimodal-Exercise, Nutrition and Anti-inflammatory medication for Cachexia) trial | journal = BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = 258–265 | date = September 2018 | pmid = 29440149 | doi = 10.1136/bmjspcare-2017-001440 | s2cid = 3318359 | url = https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/cancer-cachexia(f73c13f1-e977-4b2a-aba8-37bb16aa4a79).html | hdl = 10852/73081 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>

There is low-quality evidence for an effect of aerobic physical exercises on anxiety and serious adverse events in adults with [[Tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues|hematological malignancies]].<ref name=":3" /> Aerobic physical exercise may result in little to no difference in the mortality, quality of life, or physical functioning.<ref name=":3" /> These exercises may result in a slight reduction in depression and reduction in fatigue.<ref name=":3">{{cite journal | vauthors = Knips L, Bergenthal N, Streckmann F, Monsef I, Elter T, Skoetz N | title = Aerobic physical exercise for adult patients with haematological malignancies | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | pages = CD009075 | date = January 2019 | pmid = 30702150 | pmc = 6354325 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD009075.pub3 | collaboration = Cochrane Hematological Malignancies Group }}</ref>