Editing Extreme value theory (section)

==Non-stationary extremes==
Statistical modeling for nonstationary time series was developed in the 1990s.<ref name=dS1990>
{{cite journal
 |last1 = Davison |first1 = A.C.
 |last2 = Smith   |first2 = Richard
 |year=1990
 |title = Models for exceedances over high thresholds
 |journal=Journal of the Royal Statistical Society
 |series=Series&nbsp;B (Methodological)
 |volume=52  |issue=3  |pages=393–425
 |doi= 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1990.tb01796.x
 |url = https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1990.tb01796.x
}}
</ref> Methods for nonstationary multivariate extremes have been introduced more recently.<ref name=dC2012>
{{cite book
 |last=de&nbsp;Carvalho |first=M.
 |year=2016
 |section=Statistics of extremes: Challenges and opportunities
 |title=Handbook of EVT and its Applications to Finance and Insurance
 |location=Hoboken, NJ
 |publisher=John Wiley's Sons
 |pages=195–214
 |isbn=978-1-118-65019-6
 |url=https://www.maths.ed.ac.uk/~mdecarv/papers/decarvalho2016b.pdf
}}
</ref>
The latter can be used for tracking how the dependence between extreme values changes over time, or over another covariate.<ref name=castro2018>
{{cite journal
 |first1 = D. |last1 = Castro
 |first2 = M. |last2 = de&nbsp;Carvalho
 |first3 = J. |last3 = Wadsworth
 |year = 2018
 |title = Time-Varying Extreme Value Dependence with Application to Leading European Stock Markets
 |journal=Annals of Applied Statistics
 |volume=12  |pages=283–309
 |doi= 10.1214/17-AOAS1089  |s2cid=33350408
 |url = https://www.maths.ed.ac.uk/~mdecarv/papers/castro2018.pdf
}}
</ref><ref name=mhalla2019>
{{Cite journal
 |last1 = Mhalla            |first1=L.
 |last2 = de&nbsp;Carvalho  |first2 = M.
 |last3 = Chavez-Demoulin   |first3 = V.
 |year=2019
 |title = Regression type models for extremal dependence
 |journal=Scandinavian Journal of Statistics
 |volume=46  |issue=4  |pages=1141–1167
 | doi= 10.1111/sjos.12388  |s2cid=53570822
 |url = https://www.maths.ed.ac.uk/~mdecarv/papers/mhalla2019.pdf
}}
</ref><ref name=EB2018>
{{cite journal
 |last1 = Mhalla           |first1 = L.
 |last2 = de&nbsp;Carvalho |first2 = M.
 |last3 = Chavez-Demoulin  |first3 = V.
 |year=2018
 |title = Local robust estimation of the Pickands dependence function
 |journal=[[Annals of Statistics]]
 |volume=46  |issue=6A  |pages=2806–2843
 |s2cid=59467614
 |doi=10.1214/17-AOS1640 |doi-access=free
}}
</ref>