Editing Fast mapping (section)

=== Bilingualism ===

When learning novel words, it is believed that early exposure to multiple linguistic systems facilitates the acquisition of new words later in life. This effect was referred to by Kaushanskaya and Marian (2009) as the bilingual advantage.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kaushanskaya|first1=M|last2=Marian|first2=V|title=The Bilingual Advantage in Novel Word Learning|journal=Psychonomic Bulletin & Review|volume=16|issue=4|pages=705–710|doi=10.3758/pbr.16.4.705|pmid=19648456|year=2009|doi-access=free}}</ref> That being said, a bilingual individual's ability to fast map can vary greatly throughout their life.

During the language acquisition process, a child may require a greater amount of time to determine a correct referent than a child who is a monolingual speaker.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Alt|first=Mary|author2=Christina Meyers |author3=Cecilia Figueroa |title=Factors That Influence Fast Mapping in Children Exposed to Spanish and English|journal=Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research|year=2013|volume=56|issue=4|pages=1237–38|doi=10.1044/1092-4388(2012/11-0092)|pmid=23816663|pmc=4487618}}</ref> By the time a bilingual child is of school age, they perform equally on naming tasks when compared to monolingual children.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sheng|first1=Li|last2=McGregor|first2=Karla|last3=Marian|first3=Viorica|title=Lexical-Semantic Organization in Bilingual Children: Evidence from a Repeated Word Association Task|journal=Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research|date=June 2006|volume=49|issue=3|pages=572–587|doi=10.1044/1092-4388(2006/041)|pmc=1894819|pmid=16787896}}</ref> By the age of adulthood, bilingual individuals have acquired word-learning strategies believed to be of assistance on fast mapping tasks.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Marian|first1=V|last2=Faroqi-Shah|first2=Y|last3=Kaushanskaya|first3=M|last4=Blumenfeld|first4=H|last5=Sheng|first5=L|title=Bilingualism: Consequences for Language, Cognition, Development, and the Brain|journal=ASHA Leader|date=2009|volume=14|issue=13|pages=10–13|doi=10.1044/leader.FTR2.14132009.10}}</ref> One example is speech practice, a strategy where the participant listens and reproduces the word in order to assist in remembering and decrease the likelihood of forgetting .<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
Bilingualism can increase an individual's cognitive abilities and contribute to their success in fast mapping words, even when they are using a nonnative language.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal|last1=Fong Kan|first1=Pui|last2=Sadagopan|first2=Neeraja|last3=Janich|first3=Lauren|last4=Andrade|first4=Marixa|title=Effects of Speech Practice on Fast Mapping in Monolingual and Bilingual Speakers|journal=Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research|date=June 2014|volume=57|issue=3|pages=929–941|doi=10.1044/2013_jslhr-l-13-0045|pmid=24167242}}<!--|accessdate=23 October 2014--></ref>