Editing Ford Kent engine (section)

===HCS (1988–1996)===
[[File:Ford HCS engine.jpg|left|300px|thumb|Valencia-HCS engine installed in a 1989 [[Ford Fiesta (third generation)|Ford Fiesta Mk3]] ]]
In 1988 the second generation of the Valencia unit was launched to meet with tightening European emissions legislation.<ref name=QR399200>{{cite magazine | ref = QR399 | magazine = Quattroruote | title = Magro è Meglio | trans-title = Leaner and better | language = it | date = January 1989 | volume = 34 | issue = 399 | publisher = Editoriale Domus | location = Milan, Italy | editor-first = Raffaele | editor-last = Mastrostefano | page = 200 }}</ref> The substantial redesign of the engine included an all-new cylinder head with reshaped combustion chambers and inlet ports for 'lean-burn' operation, hardened valve seats and valves for operation on unleaded fuel, and the [[Ford EDIS]] fully electronic ignition system, with the option of single-point fuel injection for use with a [[catalytic converter]] - Weber carburettors were specified to replace the unreliable Ford Variable Venturi (VV) unit. The engine was renamed the Ford '''HCS''' (standing for ''High Compression Swirl''), although some internal Ford service publications call it the '''Valencia-HCS''' in reference to its heritage. This engine used a much leaner fuel-to-air mix than a typical engine, at a 1:19 ratio.<ref name=QR399203>[[#QR399|Mastrostefano (Ed.)]], p. 203</ref> In addition to lowered emissions, Ford claimed that fuel economy increased by 11 to 18 percent while power was up from 5 to 8 percent, depending on the model.<ref name=QR399203/>

It first appeared in {{cvt|1118|and|1297|cc|L|1|order=flip}} guises on the Ford Escort and Orion for the 1989 model year, and on the then-new Ford Fiesta Mark III the same year, which also offered a smaller {{cvt|999|cc|L|1|order=flip}} version to replace the older {{cvt|957|cc|L|1|order=flip}} Valencia.

The HCS engine is easily distinguishable from the original Valencia by the rocker cover, head and block being painted grey instead of black, the presence of a crankshaft position sensor adjacent to the starter motor, and the absence of a distributor drive on the rear face of the cylinder block. The mechanical fuel pump also has a return line to tank, whereas the original Valencia did not. The HCS also has a "mirrored" spark plug arrangement where the plug leads appear to be splayed outwards: on the original Valencia they are all at the same angle.