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===Groups containing sulfur=== Compounds that contain sulfur exhibit unique chemistry due to sulfur's ability to form more bonds than oxygen, its lighter analogue on the periodic table. Substitutive nomenclature (marked as prefix in table) is preferred over functional class nomenclature (marked as suffix in table) for sulfides, disulfides, sulfoxides and sulfones. {| class="wikitable" style="background: #ffffff; text-align: center;width:800px" |- ! [[Chemical class]] ! Group ! Formula ! Structural formula ! Prefix ! Suffix ! Example |- | [[Thiol]] | [[Thiol|Sulfhydryl]] | RSH | [[File:Thiol-group.svg|75px|Sulfhydryl]] | sulfanyl-<br>(-SH) | -'''thiol''' | [[File:Ethanethiol-skeletal.svg|75px|Ethanethiol]]<br>[[Ethanethiol]] |- | [[Sulfide (organic)|Sulfide]]<br>([[Thioether]]) | [[Sulfide (organic)|Sulfide]] | RSR' | [[File:Sulfide-group-2D.svg|75px|Sulfide group]] | ''substituent'' sulfanyl-<br>(-SR') | di(''substituent'') '''sulfide''' |<br>[[File:Dimethyl sulfide structure.svg|130px|Dimethyl sulfide]]<br><br>[[(Methylsulfanyl)methane]] (prefix) or<br>[[Dimethyl sulfide]] (suffix) |- | [[Disulfide bond|Disulfide]] || [[Disulfide]] | RSSR' | [[File:Disulfide general formula.svg|75px|Disulfide]] | ''substituent'' disulfanyl-<br>(-SSR') | di(''substituent'') '''disulfide''' |<br>[[File:Dimethyl disulfide.PNG|130px|Dimethyl disulfide]]<br><br>[[(Methyldisulfanyl)methane]] (prefix) or<br>[[Dimethyl disulfide]] (suffix) |- | [[Sulfoxide]] | [[Sulfoxide|Sulfinyl]] | RSOR' | [[File:Sulfoxide-2D.svg|75px|Sulfinyl group]] | -sulfinyl-<br>(-SOR') | di(''substituent'') '''sulfoxide''' | [[File:Dimethylsulfoxid.svg|130px|DMSO]]<br>[[(Methanesulfinyl)methane]] (prefix) or<br>[[Dimethyl sulfoxide]] (suffix) |- | [[Sulfone]] | [[Sulfone|Sulfonyl]] | RSO<sub>2</sub>R' | [[File:Sulfone-2D.svg|75px|Sulfonyl group]] | -sulfonyl-<br>(-SO<sub>2</sub>R') | di(''substituent'') '''sulfone''' | [[File:DMSO2.svg|75px|Dimethyl sulfone]]<br>[[(Methanesulfonyl)methane]] (prefix) or<br>[[Dimethyl sulfone]] (suffix) |- | [[Sulfinic acid]] || Sulfino | RSO<sub>2</sub>H | [[File:Sulfinic-acid-2D.svg|75px]] | sulfino-<br>(-SO<sub>2</sub>H) | -'''sulfinic acid''' | [[File:Hypotaurine.svg|75px|Hypotaurine]]<br>[[2-Aminoethanesulfinic acid]] |- | [[Sulfonic acid]] || Sulfo | RSO<sub>3</sub>H | [[File:Sulfonic-acid.svg|75px|Sulfonyl group]] | sulfo-<br>(-SO<sub>3</sub>H) | -'''sulfonic acid''' | [[File:Benzenesulfonic-acid-2D-skeletal.png|75px|Benzenesulfonic acid]]<br>[[Benzenesulfonic acid]] |- | [[Sulfonate ester]] || Sulfo | RSO<sub>3</sub>R' | [[File:Sulfonic-ester.svg|75px|Sulfonic ester]] | (-sulfonyl)oxy-<br>or<br>alkoxysulfonyl- | ''R''' ''R''-'''sulfonate''' | [[File:StructureMeOTf.svg|75px|Methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate]]<br>[[Methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate]] or<br>Methoxysulfonyl trifluoromethane (prefix) |- | rowspan=2|[[Thiocyanate]] | [[Thiocyanate]] || RSCN | [[File:Thiocyanate-group.svg|75px|Thiocyanate]] | thiocyanato-<br>(-SCN) | ''substituent'' '''thiocyanate''' | [[File:Phenyl thiocyanate.svg|100px|Phenyl thiocyanate]]<br>[[Phenyl thiocyanate]] |- | [[Isothiocyanate]] || RNCS | [[File:Isothiocyanate-group.svg|75px|Isothiocyanate]] | isothiocyanato-<br>(-NCS) | ''substituent'' '''isothiocyanate''' | [[File:Allyl-isothiocyanate-2D-skeletal.png|100px|Allyl isothiocyanate]]<br>[[Allyl isothiocyanate]] |- | [[Thioketone]] | [[Carbonothioyl]] | RCSR' | [[File:Thioketone-skeletal.svg|60px|Thione]] | -thioyl-<br>(-CSR')<br>or<br>sulfanylidene-<br>(=S) | -'''thione''' | [[File:Thiobenzophenone-2D-skeletal.png|75px|Diphenylmethanethione]]<br>[[Diphenylmethanethione]]<br>([[Thiobenzophenone]]) |- | [[Thial]] | [[Carbonothioyl]] | RCSH | [[File:Thial-skeletal.svg|60px|Thial]] | methanethioyl-<br>(-CSH)<br>or<br>sulfanylidene-<br>(=S) | -'''thial''' | |- |rowspan=2| [[Thiocarboxylic acid]] | Carbothioic ''S''-acid | RC=OSH | [[File:Thioic acid.svg|60px|center|Thioic S-acid]] | mercaptocarbonyl- | -'''thioic''' ''S''-'''acid''' | [[File:Thiobenzoic acid.svg|75px|Thiobenzoic acid]]<br>[[Thiobenzoic acid]]<br>''(benzothioic ''S''-acid)'' |- | Carbothioic ''O''-acid | RC=SOH | [[File:Thioic O-acid.svg|60px|center|Thioic O-acid]] | hydroxy(thiocarbonyl)- | -'''thioic''' ''O''-'''acid''' | |- |rowspan=2| [[Thioester]] | Thiolester | RC=OSR' | [[File:Thiolester-skeletal.svg|75px|Thiolester]] | | ''S''-alkyl-alkane-'''thioate''' | [[File:S-methyl-thioacrylate-2D-skeletal.png|75px|S-methyl thioacrylate]]<br>[[S-Methyl thioacrylate|''S''-Methyl thioacrylate]]<br>''(''S''-Methyl prop-2-enethioate)'' |- | Thionoester | RC=SOR' | [[File:Thionoester-skeletal.svg|75px|Thionoester]] | | ''O''-alkyl-alkane-'''thioate''' | |- | [[Thiocarboxylic acid#Dithiocarboxylic acids|Dithiocarboxylic acid]] | Carbodithioic acid | RCS<sub>2</sub>H | [[File:Dithioic-acid-skeletal.svg|60px|center|Dithiocarboxylic acid]] | dithiocarboxy- | -'''dithioic acid''' | [[File:PhCS2H.svg|75px|Dithiobenzoic acid]]<br>[[Dithiobenzoic acid]]<br>''(Benzenecarbodithioic acid)'' |- | [[Dithiocarboxylic acid ester]] | Carbodithio | RC=SSR' | [[File:Dithioic-acid-ester-skeletal.svg|75px|Dithioate]] | | -'''dithioate''' | |}
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