Editing GM Ecotec engine (section)

====L61====
[[File:Chevrolet classic engine.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ecotec L61 engine in a [[Chevrolet Malibu|Chevrolet Classic (Malibu)]]]]
[[File:2003 Pontiac Sunfire Ecotec.JPG|right|thumb|250px|2003 Pontiac Sunfire Ecotec engine]]
[[File:2003CavalierL61Engine.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ecotec L61 installed in a 2003 [[Chevrolet Cavalier]]]]{{Hatnote|This engine is also known as a Z22SE in other countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, and Europe.}}
The basic Family II architecture was substantially re-engineered in 2000 to become the ''Ecotec'' Gen I. Unlike its notably harsh predecessor, the engine was designed for smoothness. Dual in-block balance shafts were integral to the design, the power-steering pump was mounted directly to the cylinder head and driven by the intake camshaft, the water-pump housing was cast into the block, and the A/C compressor and alternator were mounted directly on the block without brackets. The oil filter housing was cast into the block with a removable cover and replaceable paper element. It did not use an EGR valve. The Ecotec line is manufactured in [[Tonawanda (town), New York|Tonawanda, New York]], and [[Kaiserslautern, Germany]], and was also manufactured for [[Saturn Corporation|Saturn]] in [[Spring Hill, Tennessee]], until Saturn's discontinuation. In North America, this engine replaced both the [[GM Quad-4 engine|Quad-4]] and the [[GM 122 engine|GM 122]] engines and first appeared in the 2000 [[Saturn L-Series]].<ref name="Auto Channel 2.2" />

The '''L61''' is a {{cvt|2198|cc|L|1|order=flip}} version with a [[Lost-foam casting|lost-foam cast]] aluminium cylinder head and block; it features an {{cvt|86|mm|in}} bore and {{cvt|94.6|mm|in}} stroke<ref name="Auto Channel 2.2" /> and either a 9.5:1 compression ratio or a 10.0:1. The engine is {{cvt|665|mm|in}} in length, {{cvt|642|mm|in}} in width, {{cvt|655|mm|in}} in height and approximately {{cvt|139|kg|lb}}.<ref name="Auto Channel 2.2" />

The '''Ecotec 2.2''', model '''L61''' first appeared in the 2000 [[Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1]]; the L61-powered [[Saturn Ion]] also replaced the [[Saturn I4 engine|Saturn]]-powered [[Saturn S-Series]].

There are a few variations to the standard L61. The 2003 [[Saturn L-Series]] has a high output version with higher (10:1) compression and more aggressive [[camshaft]]. The 2004&ndash;2008 [[Chevrolet Malibu#Seventh generation (2008)|Chevrolet Malibu]] uses a version with [[electronic throttle control]] and a special unitized [[exhaust manifold]] and [[catalytic converter]]. The Malibu and Saturn versions also use return-less [[fuel injection]]. The 2002 [[Saturn VUE]] was the first North American variant of the L61 to be equipped with [[electronic throttle control]], whereas other applications did not arise until 2005 in the [[Saturn ION]] and [[Chevrolet Cobalt]]. For 2007, introduced an [[#L61_2|updated version]] of the ''L61'' based on the Gen II design.

The supercharger and inlet manifold from the 2.0 Ecotec LSJ engine can be purchased as an official kit from GM and along with modified software in the ECM, can create a 2.2 supercharged version of this engine.

The L61 was used in the following cars:

{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" | Year(s)
! scope="col" | Model
! scope="col" | Power
! scope="col" | Torque
! scope="col" | Compression ratio
|-
| 2002
| rowspan="2" | [[Chevrolet Cavalier]]
| rowspan="2" | {{cvt|140|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4400&nbsp;rpm
| rowspan="2" | 10.0:1
|-
| 2003&ndash;2005
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2005&ndash;2006
| [[Chevrolet Cobalt]]
| {{cvt|145|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|155|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 10.0:1
|-
| 2006
| [[Chevrolet HHR]]
| {{cvt|143|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 10.0:1
|-
| 2004
| rowspan=2 | [[Chevrolet Malibu#Sixth generation (2004)|Chevrolet Malibu]]
| {{cvt|145|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| rowspan="2" | {{cvt|155|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| rowspan="2" | 10.0:1
|-
| 2005&ndash;2006
| {{cvt|144|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2002&ndash;2004
| [[Oldsmobile Alero]]
| {{cvt|140|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 10.0:1
|-
| 2002
| rowspan="2" | [[Pontiac Grand Am]]
| rowspan="2" | {{cvt|140|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4400&nbsp;rpm
| rowspan="2" | 10.0:1
|-
| 2003&ndash;2005
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2002
| rowspan="2" | [[Pontiac Sunfire]]
| rowspan="2" | {{cvt|140|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4400&nbsp;rpm
| rowspan="2" | 10.0:1
|-
| 2003&ndash;2005
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2005&ndash;2006
| [[Pontiac G5|Pontiac Pursuit/G5]]
| {{cvt|145|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|155|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 10.0:1
|-
| 2000
| rowspan=3| [[Saturn L-Series]]
| {{cvt|137|hp|0}} @ 5800&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|135|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4400&nbsp;rpm 
| rowspan=3| 9.5:1
|-
| 2001&ndash;2003
| {{cvt|135|hp|0}} @ 5200&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|142|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4400&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2004
| {{cvt|140|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2003&ndash;2006
| [[Saturn Ion]]
| {{cvt|140|hp|0}} @ 5800&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|145|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4400&nbsp;rpm
| 10.0:1
|-
| 2002&ndash;2005
| rowspan=3| [[Saturn Vue]]
| {{cvt|143|hp|0}} @ 5400&nbsp;rpm
| rowspan=3| {{cvt|152|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| rowspan=3| 10.0:1 
|-
| 2006
| {{cvt|143|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2007
| {{cvt|144|hp|0}} @ 5600&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2001&ndash;2005
| [[Opel Speedster|Opel Speedster/Vauxhall VX220]]<ref name="Auto Channel 2.2" /> 
| {{cvt|147|hp|0}} @ 5800&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 
|-
| 2000&ndash;2003
| [[Opel Astra|Opel/Vauxhall Astra]]<ref name="Auto Channel 2.2" /> 
| {{cvt|147|hp|0}} @ 5800&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 
|-
| 2001&ndash;2002
| [[Opel Vectra|Opel/Vauxhall Vectra]]<ref name="Auto Channel 2.2" /> 
| {{cvt|147|hp|0}} @ 5800&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 
|-
| 2000&ndash;2003
| [[Opel Zafira|Opel/Vauxhall Zafira]]<ref name="Auto Channel 2.2" /> 
| {{cvt|147|hp|0}} @ 5800&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 
|-
| 2001&ndash;2006
| [[Holden Astra#TS|Holden Astra (TS)]]
| {{cvt|147|hp|0}} @ 5800&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|150|lbft|Nm|0}} @ 4000&nbsp;rpm
| 
|}

This engine also powered the Japanese-market [[Subaru Traviq]], a badge-engineered [[Opel Zafira]] A.<ref name="Gazoo">{{cite web | url = http://gazoo.com/meishakan/meisha/shousai.asp?R_ID=8502 | work = Gazoo.com | title = 検索結果: 2001年 スバル トラヴィック Sパッケージ |trans-title=Great Car Pavilion: 2001 Subaru Traviq S-package | language = ja | publisher = [[Toyota Motor Corporation]] | access-date = 2012-05-22 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081011215226/http://gazoo.com/meishakan/meisha/shousai.asp?R_ID=8502 | archive-date = 2008-10-11 }}</ref>

Following the GM–Fiat agreement, the 2.2&nbsp;L engine is also used in:
* [[Fiat Croma]] unmodified
* [[Alfa Romeo 159]] heavy modified with [[Gasoline direct injection]]