Editing Gap year (section)

==By country==
===Australia and New Zealand===
Australians and New Zealanders have a tradition of traveling overseas independently at a young age.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://auspost.com.au/travel-essentials/how-australians-travel|title=Travel trends - how Australians travel|access-date=2018-08-24|language=en}}</ref> In New Zealand, this is known as "doing an OE" ([[Overseas experience]]). Sometimes this is limited to one year, but at times Australians and New Zealanders will remain overseas for longer, many working short-term in service industry jobs to fund their travels. Europe and Asia are popular destinations for gap year travels.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.gapyear.com/articles/travel-ideas/top-10-gap-year-destinations|title=Gap Year Destinations|date=2013-07-23|work=Gap Year|access-date=2018-08-24|language=en-US|archive-date=24 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824101812/https://www.gapyear.com/articles/travel-ideas/top-10-gap-year-destinations|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Australia, exchange programs and youth benefits provide many opportunities for young people to gain experience through travel in a gap year. The Gap Year Association provided approximately four million dollars in 2016 in the form of scholarships and need-based grants.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gap Year Data and Benefits |url=https://www.gapyearassociation.org/data-benefits.php |website=Gap Year Association |access-date=23 August 2018}}</ref>

===Denmark===
In Denmark, during the late 1990s, the percentage of students continuing their education directly after high school was down to 25%. Along with this drop, there was a rise in the number of students enrolling and graduating within ten years of finishing high school.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sievertsen |first1=Hans Henrik |title=From Birth to Graduation |url=https://www.econ.ku.dk/forskning-og-publikationer/Publikationer/ph.d_serie_2007-/Ph.D.169.pdf |website=econ.ku.dk |publisher=University of Copenhagen |access-date=20 September 2018 |location=Copenhagen, Denmark |page=111 |archive-date=20 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920045744/https://www.econ.ku.dk/forskning-og-publikationer/Publikationer/ph.d_serie_2007-/Ph.D.169.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Data also shows that women in Denmark take more gap years than men.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sievertsen |first1=Hans Henrik |title=From Birth to Graduation |url=https://www.econ.ku.dk/forskning-og-publikationer/Publikationer/ph.d_serie_2007-/Ph.D.169.pdf |website=econ.ku.dk |publisher=University of Copenhagen |access-date=20 September 2018 |location=Copenhagen, Denmark |pages=113–114 |archive-date=20 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920045744/https://www.econ.ku.dk/forskning-og-publikationer/Publikationer/ph.d_serie_2007-/Ph.D.169.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2018, a record low of 15% of that year's high school graduates had chosen to continue their education directly after graduation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tv2east.dk/artikel/rekordfaa-studenter-laeser-videre-med-det-samme/ |title=Rekordfå studenter læser videre med det samme |trans-title= Record few graduates continue their education immediately |language=da |date=11 June 2019 |publisher= [[TV 2 (Denmark)|TV2]] |access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref>

[[Denmark]] has sought to limit the number of students who take a year out, penalizing students who delay their education to travel abroad or work full-time.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.berlingske.dk/article/20041129/danmark/111290231/ |title=Sabbatår - sundt eller skadeligt? |trans-title=Sabbatical - healthy or harmful? |language=da |last=Andersen |first=Lars Otto |date=29 November 2004 |newspaper=[[Berlingske Tidende]] |access-date=19 November 2009}}</ref> In 2006, it was announced that fewer students than before had taken a year out.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.s-fou.dk/page.php?pagegroupid=2&id=149 |title=Stadigt yngre studerende med færre sabbatår starter på universiteterne |work=Universitet og Bygningsstyrelsen, [[Ministry of Science, Innovation and Higher Education (Denmark)|Ministeriet for Videnskab, teknologi og Udvikling]] |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719130913/http://www.s-fou.dk/page.php?pagegroupid=2&id=149 |archive-date=19 July 2011}}</ref> In April 2009, the [[Danish government]] proposed a new law that gives a bonus to students who refrain from a year out.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jp.dk/uknews/article1684210.ece |title=Committee proposes cash incentives for speedy students |date=5 May 2009 |work=[[Jyllands-Posten]] |agency=[[The Copenhagen Post]] |access-date=19 November 2009 |archive-date=24 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124204651/http://jp.dk/uknews/article1684210.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Ghana===
In [[Ghana]], most senior high school leavers have a year out from August to the August of the following year, although this is not mandatory.{{citation needed|date=June 2013}} {{Explain|date=August 2018}}

===Ireland===
[[Transition Year]] in [[Ireland]] is for school students, after taking the [[Junior Certificate]] (i.e. typically aged 15-16). It is usually optional and focuses on non-academic subjects.<ref name="citizensinformation">[http://www.citizensinformation.ie/categories/education/primary-and-post-primary-education/going-to-post-primary-school/transition_year Transition Year information], citizensinformation.ie, accessed February 2023</ref>

===Israel===
In [[Israel]], it is customary for young adults who have completed their mandatory military service to engage in [[backpacker tourism]] abroad in groups before starting university or full-time work ({{Langx|he|טיול אחרי צבא||post-army trip}}).

Israel has also become a popular gap year travel destination for thousands of young Jewish adults from abroad each year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://judaism.about.com/od/education/p/israel_phs.htm |title=The Gap Year: Jews Take on Israel After High School |work=about.com |access-date=20 March 2017 |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413040408/http://judaism.about.com/od/education/p/israel_phs.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> There are over 10,000 participants in the [[Masa Israel Journey]] gap year annually.{{Explain|date=August 2018}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.masaisrael.org/meet_masa_israel/about |title=About us |work=Masa Israel Journey}}</ref>

===Japan===
The employment practice known as [[simultaneous recruiting of new graduates]] matches students with jobs before graduation, meaning sabbaticals are highly unusual in [[Japan]].{{citation needed|date=June 2013}} {{explain|date=August 2018}}

While unusual, gap years in Japan are not completely unheard of. Some students will take a gap year or two to readjust or reassess their career path or school of choice if not accepted into the school they had originally hoped for.

===Nigeria===
While waiting for their [[Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board|JAMB]] result after secondary school, Nigerian youths usually learn a trade or skill or enrol in another academic program (remedial, pre-degree, JUPEB, A-levels, IJMB, etc.) to increase their chances of getting into a university. Some students also use this opportunity to write their SAT and ACT exams and gain admission into schools abroad. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://teenstalkaboutit.com/afterschool|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908113050/http://teenstalkaboutit.com/afterschool|url-status=usurped|archive-date=8 September 2016|title=Teens talk about it!|website=teenstalkaboutit.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-05}}</ref>

===Norway===

It is quite normal in Norway to have a gap year between high school and further education or a job. Some join the military as part of the [[Norwegian Armed Forces#Conscription|compulsory military service]], some take part in [[Folk high school|Folkehøyskole]] (Folk high school) and some are combining work (typically work that requires no formal education, such as cashiers and waiters) with traveling or volunteer work. It is also fairly common to study a language in another country, for instance, Spain, France, or Australia.

===Romania and Bulgaria===

Similar to the way that some students travel during a gap year, many Romanian and Bulgarian students instead study abroad and in recent years the number of students who choose to do this has been growing.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Butum |first1=L. |title=The importance of international experience for Romanian students in establishing career priorities |journal=Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society |date=2017 |volume=12 |issue=2017 |pages=155–170 |doi=10.1515/mmcks-2017-0010 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

===South Africa===
In the [[Republic of South Africa]], taking a year off is common for those in more [[affluent]] classes.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} Those who leave school  often travel abroad to gain life experience.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} It is not uncommon for gap year students to travel to [[Cape Town]] for life experience.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} Common [[Volunteering|volunteer]] opportunities include working in [[animal welfare]] or [[tree planting]].{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}

===United Kingdom===
In the United Kingdom, the practice of taking a gap year – seen as an interim period of 7 or 8 months between completing secondary education and starting university – began to develop in the 1970s. The period was seen as a time for gaining life experience through travel or volunteering. Universities appear to welcome post-gap-year applicants on the same basis as those going straight to university from previous education.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}

Shorter gap-style experiences (volunteering, expeditions, courses, and work placements) are gaining in popularity, as they can be taken without the need to take a full year out of study or work, due to the recent overhaul of the benefit system as well as the rollout of [[Universal Credit]], which includes tougher conditionality rules resulting into people making limited decisions on the length of gap years due to the emphasis on employment.{{citation needed|date=June 2013}}

A kind of a gap year after university graduation in the UK was short-term voluntary military service as a commissioned officer: ''Short Service Limited Commission'' was introduced at the end of the 1970s when many units were short of young officers. In 1999 the name was changed to ''Gap Year Commission''. It was discontinued in 2007.<ref>[https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmdfence/424/424we20.htm Second Further supplementary memorandum from the Ministry of Defence]</ref>

===United States===
In the [[United States]], the practice of taking a "year off" remains the exception, but is gaining in popularity.<ref name="Sara Castellanos">{{cite news
| last=  Castellanos
| first=  Sarah
| url=  http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/blog/startups/2014/06/gap-year-travel-startup-first-abroad-offers-cheap.html
| title=  Gap Year Travel Start Up Offers Programs 'Too Good to be True'
| work =  [[Boston Business Journal]]
| date=  9 June 2014
}}</ref> Parents are starting to encourage their high school graduates to take a gap year to focus on service opportunities.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://christlife.org/blog/learning-from-the-bruderhof-an-intentional-christian-community|title=Learning from the Bruderhof: An Intentional Christian Community|work=ChristLife|access-date=2017-12-19|language=en}}</ref> Schools are also beginning to support gap years more; most notably Harvard University and Princeton University, are now encouraging students to take time off, and some have even built gap year-like programs into the curriculum,<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Program |url=https://www.princeton.edu/bridgeyear/ |website=Princeton University |publisher=Trustees of Princeton University |access-date=21 January 2019}}</ref> and many high schools now have counselors specifically for students interested in taking a gap year.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tanyamohn/2011/09/23/take-a-gap-year-with-your-colleges-blessing/ | work=[[Forbes]] | first=Tanya | last=Mohn | title=Take a Gap Year, With Your College's Blessing |date=23 September 2011}}</ref>

Taking a year off has recently become slightly more common for Americans, the main reason is that students often feel burnt out with schooling and want to take time to make sure their lives are headed in a direction that suits them.<ref name="SUE SHELLENBARGER">{{cite news
| last=  Shellenbarger
| first=  Sue
| url=  https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203513204576047723922275698 
| title=  Delaying College to Fill in the Gaps
| work=  [[Wall Street Journal]]
| date=  29 December 2010
}}</ref> Some 40,000 Americans participated in 2013 in sabbatical programs, an increase of almost 20% since 2006, according to statistics compiled by the [http://www.americangap.org/data-benefits.php American Gap Association]. Universities such as [[Georgetown University]], [[New York University]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nyu.edu/admissions/undergraduate-admissions/admitted-students/deferring-admission.html |title=Deferring Your Enrollment |work=New York University}}</ref> [[Amherst College]], [[Princeton University]], [[Harvard University]], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], [[Middlebury College]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.middlebury.edu/admissions/apply/decisions/gapyearinfo |title=Gap Year Information |work=Middlebury College |access-date=20 March 2017}}</ref> [[Davidson College]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.davidson.edu/admission-and-financial-aid/frequently-asked-questions |title=Frequently Asked Questions |work=Davidson College |access-date=27 December 2017}}</ref> [[Yeshiva University]],<ref>[[Yeshiva University#Rankings|Yeshiva University Rankings]]</ref> and [[Reed College]] have formal policies allowing students to defer admission.<ref name="SUE SHELLENBARGER" />

[[Tufts University]] offers a program called 1+4 which allows students from lower income-families to volunteer abroad or within America for a period of one year before starting their bachelor's degree.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tufts 1+4 Bridge-Year Program |url=https://tischcollege.tufts.edu/education/tufts1plus4 |website=Tufts University |publisher=Trustees of Tufts College |access-date=20 September 2018 |archive-date=23 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923182409/https://tischcollege.tufts.edu/education/tufts1plus4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Naropa University<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naropa.edu|title=Home - Naropa University|website=www.naropa.edu}}</ref> in Boulder, Colorado, is the first U.S. university to fully integrate the gap year into a four-year undergraduate degree, which makes financial aid directly available to any student considering a gap year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naropa.edu/academics/bachelors/leap-year/index.php|title=LEAPYEAR - Naropa University|website=www.naropa.edu}}</ref>

Some formal gap year programs can cost as much as $30,000, but cheaper alternatives are becoming more widely available; some reduce costs by offering room and board.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/97065/gap-year-college/ | magazine=Time | first=Randye | last=Hoder | title=Why Your High School Senior Should Take a Gap Year | date=14 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/articles/2010/06/09/gap-year-program-profile-conservation-corps |title= Gap Year Program Profile: Conservation Corps |first=Rebecca |last=Kern |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |date=9 June 2010}}</ref> For example, the [[National Civilian Community Corps]], an [[AmeriCorps]] program, offers 18- to 24-year-olds (no age limit for Team Leaders) an all-expense-paid gap year (room & board, meals, transportation, etc.) in exchange for a 10-month commitment to National and Community service.<ref name="nationalservice.gov">{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalservice.gov/nccc |title=AmeriCorps NCCC |work=[[Corporation for National and Community Service]] |access-date=20 March 2017}}</ref> AmeriCorps NCCC members travel the country in diverse teams and perform a variety of tasks such as rebuilding trails in national parks, responding to natural disasters, or working as mentors for disadvantaged youths.<ref name="nationalservice.gov"/> As with most AmeriCorps programs, service members receive an education award of approximately $6,000 upon completion of their service that can be used toward qualified educational expenses or student loans.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalservice.gov/programs/americorps/segal-americorps-education-award |title=Segal AmeriCorps Education Award |work=Corporation for National and Community Service |access-date=20 March 2017}}</ref> The zero cost to the member model AmeriCorps offers makes it an attractive alternative to costly gap year programs while leveraging taxpayer dollars to strengthen American communities.

Additionally, new federal partnerships such as [[FEMA Corps]] offer traditional gap year seekers an immersive professional and team-building experience that can serve as a launch pad for their careers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalservice.gov/FEMACorps |title=FEMA Corps |work=Corporation for National and Community Service |access-date=20 March 2017}}</ref> Some government programs designed to help students afford college prohibit students from taking a gap year. For example, the Tennessee Promise program requires that students must "Attend full-time and continuously at an eligible postsecondary institution as defined in T.C.A. § 49-4-708 in the fall term immediately following graduation or attainment of a GED or HiSET diploma; except that a student enrolling in a Tennessee College of Applied Technology (TCAT) may enroll in the summer prior to the fall term."<ref>{{cite web |title=Tennessee Promise Handbook |url=http://tennesseepromise.gov/files/TNPromiseHandbook080514.pdf |work=Tennessee Promise |access-date=24 April 2016 |archive-date=24 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824080635/http://tennesseepromise.gov/files/TNPromiseHandbook080514.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Malia Obama]], daughter of former President Barack Obama, took a gap year before attending Harvard University in the fall of 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=fe06e9af-28a3-4a35-a977-8aedae55650e%40sessionmgr104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl|title=gap year gain|last=Barnds|first=kent|date=2018|website=ebsco}}</ref> Universities such as Harvard and Princeton are encouraging students to take a Gap year. This time that is taken off can be beneficial so students don't "burn out" or partake in indulging behaviors that promote unhealthy stress.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2016/05/01/why-harvard-encourages-students-to-take-a-gap-year-just-like-malia-obama-is-doing/|title=Why Harvard 'encourages' students to take a gap year. Just like Malia Obama is doing.|last=Strauss|first=Valerie|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref>

===Yemen===
In [[Yemen]], a gap year is mandatory between secondary school (high school) and [[university]]. Unless one attends a private university, one must wait one year after secondary school before applying to university. Until the 1990s, it was mandatory for male graduates serve in the army for one year, and to teach in a school or work in a hospital for female graduates (and for men who cannot join the army for health reasons).<ref>{{cite web |title=Yemen: Information on military service and treatment of deserters / draft evaders in Yemen |url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/54913a7f4.html |website=Refworld |publisher=Country of Origin Research and Information |access-date=20 September 2018 |date=6 November 2014}}</ref>