Editing Generation (section)

==List of social generations{{anchor|List_of_named_generations}}==
=== Western world ===
The [[Western world]] includes parts of [[Western Europe]], [[North America]], and [[Australasia]]. Many variations may exist within these regions, both geographically and culturally, which means that the list is broadly indicative, but very general. The contemporary characterization of these cohorts used in media and advertising borrows, in part, from the Strauss–Howe generational theory<ref name="COHE" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chaney |first1=Damien |last2=Touzani |first2=Mourad |last3=Ben Slimane |first3=Karim |title=Marketing to the (new) generations: summary and perspectives |journal=Journal of Strategic Marketing |date=2017 |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=179 |doi=10.1080/0965254X.2017.1291173 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and generally follows the logic of the [[#Generational theory|pulse-rate hypothesis]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jaeger |first1=Hans |s2cid=3680078 |title=Generations in History: Reflections on a Controversial Concept |journal=History and Theory |date=1985 |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=273–292|doi=10.2307/2505170 |jstor=2505170 }}</ref>
[[File:Generation_timeline.svg|thumb|450px|lang=dummy|Timeline of  generations in the Western world according to the Pew Research Center &ndash; retirement age and life expectancy are approximate]]
*The [[Lost Generation]], also known as the "Generation of 1914" in Europe,<ref name=Wohl>{{Cite book | last=Wohl | first=Robert | title=The generation of 1914 | year=1979 | publisher=Harvard University Press | location=Cambridge, MA | isbn=9780674344662 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YLe3e3FDXQkC&q=wohl%201914&pg=PA1 | access-date=31 October 2020 | archive-date=18 June 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618144426/https://books.google.com/books?id=YLe3e3FDXQkC&q=wohl+1914&pg=PA1 | url-status=live }}</ref> is a term originating from [[Gertrude Stein]] to describe those who fought in [[World War I]]. The Lost Generation is defined as the cohort born from 1883 to 1900 who came of age during World War I and the [[Roaring Twenties]].<ref name=howe>{{Cite book | last1=Howe | first1=Neil | author-link1=William Strauss | last2=Strauss | first2=William | author-link2=Neil Howe | title=Generations: The History of Americas Future. 1584 to 2069 | year=1991 | publisher=William Morrow and Company | location=New York | isbn=0688119123 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/generationshisto00stra_0/page/247 247–260] | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/generationshisto00stra_0/page/247 }}</ref>
*The [[Greatest Generation]], also known in American usage as the "G.I. Generation",<ref>{{cite news |last1=Safire |first1=William |title=Generation What? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/magazine/30wwln-safire-t.html |access-date=20 February 2019 |work=The New York Times Magazine |date=28 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106044324/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/magazine/30wwln-safire-t.html |archive-date=6 January 2018}}</ref> includes the [[veterans]] who fought in [[World War II]]. They were born from 1901 to 1927;<ref>{{cite web |title=The Generation Gap in American Politics |date=March 2018 |url=http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/03/01122435/03-01-18-Generations-release.pdf |access-date=20 February 2019 |publisher=Pew Research Center |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808044537/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/03/01122435/03-01-18-Generations-release.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> older G.I.s (or the [[Interbellum Generation]]) came of age during the Roaring Twenties, while younger G.I.s came of age during the [[Great Depression]] and World War II. Journalist [[Tom Brokaw]] wrote about American members of this cohort in his book ''[[The Greatest Generation (book)|The Greatest Generation]]'', which popularized the term.<ref>{{Cite news | last = Hunt | first = Tristram | date = 6 June 2004 | title = One last time they gather, the Greatest Generation | work = [[The Observer]] | url = https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/jun/06/secondworldwar | access-date = 24 August 2009 | location = London | archive-date = 13 July 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130713201248/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2004/jun/06/secondworldwar | url-status = live }}</ref>
*The [[Silent Generation]], also known as the "Lucky Few", is the cohort who came of age in the [[postwar|post–World War II era]]. They were born from 1928 to 1945.<ref>{{cite news|title=Generations and Age|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/topics/generations-and-age/|access-date=26 May 2018|publisher=Pew Research|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=28 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528171442/http://www.pewresearch.org/topics/generations-and-age/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/methodology/demographic-research/definitions/|title=Definitions - Pew Research Center|website=www.pewresearch.org|access-date=2016-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216215337/http://www.pewresearch.org/methodology/demographic-research/definitions/|archive-date=2017-02-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the U.S., this group includes most of those who may have fought in the [[Korean War]] and many of those who may have fought during the [[Vietnam War]].
*[[Baby boomers]] (often shortened to Boomers) are the people born following World War II from 1946 to 1964. Increased birth rates were observed during the [[post–World War II baby boom]], making them a relatively large demographic cohort.<ref>See:
*{{cite web|last1=Brandon|first1=Emily|title=The Youngest Baby Boomers Turn 50|url=http://money.usnews.com/money/retirement/articles/2014/06/16/the-youngest-baby-boomers-turn-50|website=U.S. News & World Report|access-date=11 November 2015|archive-date=2 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102174509/http://money.usnews.com/money/retirement/articles/2014/06/16/the-youngest-baby-boomers-turn-50|url-status=live}}
*{{cite web|title=Baby Boomers|url=http://www.history.com/topics/baby-boomers|publisher=History.com|access-date=11 November 2015|archive-date=17 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217204419/http://www.history.com/topics/baby-boomers|url-status=live}}
*{{cite web|last1=Fry|first1=Richard|title=This year, Millennials will overtake Baby Boomers|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/01/16/this-year-millennials-will-overtake-baby-boomers/|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=11 November 2015|archive-date=10 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110201452/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/01/16/this-year-millennials-will-overtake-baby-boomers/|url-status=live}}
*{{Cite book |first1=Neil |last1=Howe |first2=William |last2=Strauss |title=Generations: The History of Americas Future, 1584 to 2069 |year=1991 |publisher=William Morrow |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/generationshisto00stra_0/page/299 299–316] |isbn=9780688119126 |url=https://archive.org/details/generationshisto00stra_0/page/299 }}
*{{Cite book | last = Owram | first = Doug | year = 1997 | title = Born at the Right Time | isbn = 9780802080868 | publisher = Univ Of Toronto Press | location = Toronto | page = xiv | url = https://archive.org/details/bornatrighttimeh0000owra }}
*{{Cite book | last = Jones | first = Landon | year = 1970 | title = Great Expectations: America and the Baby Boom Generation | publisher = Coward, McCann and Geoghegan | location = New York}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=National Population Projections | website=census.gov | date=1997-07-31 | url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/pop-profile/natproj.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970731033738/http://www.census.gov/population/www/pop-profile/natproj.html | archive-date=1997-07-31 | url-status=dead | access-date=2019-08-23}}</ref> In the U.S., many older boomers may have fought in the [[Vietnam War]] or participated in the [[counterculture of the 1960s]], while younger boomers (or [[Generation Jones]]) came of age in the "malaise" years of the 1970s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/23/opinion/baby-boomers-trump.html|title=Opinion &#124; Mr. Jones and Me: Younger Baby Boomers Swing Left|first=Jennifer Finney|last=Boylan|newspaper=The New York Times|date=23 June 2020|access-date=25 December 2020|archive-date=16 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216072328/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/23/opinion/baby-boomers-trump.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Generation X]] (or Gen X for short) is the cohort following the baby boomers. The generation is generally defined as people born between 1965 and 1980.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vol. 33, No. 1: Generations |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/styleandsubstance/2020/02/02/vol-33-no-1-generations/ |newspaper=WSJ |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=27 June 2020 |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629220903/https://blogs.wsj.com/styleandsubstance/2020/02/02/vol-33-no-1-generations/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The term has also been used in different times and places for several different [[subcultures]] or [[counterculture]]s since the 1950s. In the U.S., some called Xers the "baby bust" generation because of a drop in birth rates following the baby boom.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Identity">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C2WmSCOBR2IC&dq=%22Generation+X%22+%22baby+bust%22&pg=PA307 | title=Encyclopedia of Identity | isbn=9781412951531 | last1=Jackson Ii | first1=Ronald L. | last2=Hogg | first2=Michael A. | date=29 June 2010 }}</ref>
*[[Millennials]], also known as Generation Y<ref name="Horovitz">{{cite news|last=Horovitz|first=Bruce|title=After Gen X, Millennials, what should next generation be?|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/advertising/story/2012-05-03/naming-the-next-generation/54737518/1|access-date=24 November 2012|newspaper=USA Today|date=4 May 2012|archive-date=1 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901215431/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/advertising/story/2012-05-03/naming-the-next-generation/54737518/1|url-status=live}}</ref> (or Gen Y for short), are the generation following Generation X, who grew up around the [[turn of the century|turn of the]] [[3rd millennium]].<ref>{{cite journal | pmc=9199317 | year=2022 | last1=Grazziotin-Soares | first1=R. | last2=Ardenghi | first2=D. M. | title=Drawings to explore faculties' and students' perceptions from different generations cohorts about dental education: A pilot study | journal=BDJ Open | volume=8 | issue=1 | page=17 | doi=10.1038/s41405-022-00109-5 | pmid=35705540 }}</ref> This cohort is generally defined as the people born from 1981 to 1996. The Pew Research Center defines this generation as those born from 1981 to 1996 and reports that in 2019, millennials outnumbered baby boomers in the United States, amounting to an estimated 71.6 million boomers and 72.1 million millennials.<ref name="guides.loc.gov">{{cite web |last1=Burclaff |first1=Natalie |title=Research Guides: Doing Consumer Research: A Resource Guide: Generations |url=https://guides.loc.gov/consumer-research/market-segments/generations |website=guides.loc.gov |access-date=21 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="canstatistics">{{cite web |last1=Government of Canada |first1=Statistics Canada |title=A generational portrait of Canada's aging population from the 2021 Census |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/as-sa/98-200-X/2021003/98-200-X2021003-eng.cfm |website=statcan.gc.ca |access-date=18 July 2022 |date=27 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-06 |title=Millennials cheer New Zealand lawmaker's 'OK, Boomer' remark |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-newzealand-millennials-idUSKBN1XG2YT |access-date=2022-07-15}}</ref><ref name="uscensus">{{cite web   |title=2019 Data Show Baby Boomers Nearly 9 Times Wealthier Than Millennials |url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2022/08/wealth-inequality-by-household-type.html |website=Census.gov |access-date=18 February 2023}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/28/millennials-overtake-baby-boomers-as-americas-largest-generation/|title=Millennials overtake Baby Boomers as America's largest generation|last=Fry|first=Richard|date=April 28, 2020|website=Pew Research Center|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=28 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428233813/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/28/millennials-overtake-baby-boomers-as-americas-largest-generation/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Generation Z]] (or Gen Z for short and colloquially as "Zoomers"), are the people succeeding the Millennials and are generally defined as being born from 1997 to the early 2010s. [[Pew Research Center]] describes Generation Z as spanning from 1997 to 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dimock |first=Michael |title=Defining generations: Where Millennials end and Generation Z begins |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2019/01/17/where-millennials-end-and-generation-z-begins/ |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=Pew Research Center |date=17 January 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref> The United States [[Library of Congress]] and [[Statistics Canada]] have cited Pew's definition of 1997–2012 for Generation Z.<ref name="guides.loc.gov"/><ref name="canstatistics"/> In a 2022 report, the [[U.S. Census]] designates Generation Z as those born from 1997 to 2013.<ref name="uscensus"/> Generation Zers experienced the onset and effects of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] as children or young adults.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fell |first=Ashley |title=The substantial impact COVID-19 has had on Gen Z |url=https://mccrindle.com.au/article/topic/generation-z/the-substantial-impact-covid-19-has-had-on-gen-z/|access-date=2024-08-28 |website=McCrindle |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Generation Alpha]] (or Gen Alpha for short) is the generation succeeding Generation Z. Researchers and popular media typically use the early 2010s as the starting birth year and the mid-2020s as the ending birth year. Generation Alpha is the first to be born entirely in the 21st century.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |last=Farrel |first=Christopher A. |date=March 19, 2024 |title=What Is Generation Alpha? Meaning, Characteristics, and Future |url=https://www.investopedia.com/generation-alpha-definition-8606114 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2025-01-04 |work=Investopedia |language=en}}</ref> As of 2015, there were some two-and-a-half million people born every week around the globe, and Gen Alpha is expected to reach nearly two billion in size by 2025.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news|last=Williams|first=Alex|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/19/fashion/meet-alpha-the-next-next-generation.html|title=Meet Alpha: The Next 'Next Generation'|date=September 19, 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 7, 2019|department=Fashion|archive-date=28 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228172712/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/19/fashion/meet-alpha-the-next-next-generation.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Generation Beta]] (or Gen Beta for short) is the proposed generation succeeding Generation Alpha. [[Futurist]] Mark McCrindle, who coined the term, defines the cohort as those born from 2025 to 2039.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-19 |title=Welcome Gen Beta |url=https://mccrindle.com.au/article/generation-beta-defined/ |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=mccrindle.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cross |first=Greta |date=December 31, 2024 |title=Welcome Gen Beta: A new generation of humanity starts in 2025 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2024/12/31/generation-beta-2025-years/77363820007/ |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=USA Today}}</ref> As the successor to Generation Alpha, the generation is named for [[beta]], the second letter in the [[Greek alphabet]]. Since no official body determines generational boundaries, the starting year and proposed name of this generation may be subject to revision in the future, as the current name and its commencement is largely based on an individual's opinion. Its adoption may be queried at a later date when instrumental global events are reassessed by historians. Many generations typically span 15 years and are shaped by major societal shifts. 

===Other areas===
* In [[Armenia]], people born after the country's independence from the [[Soviet Union]] in 1991 are known as the "Independence generation".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkrtichyan |first=Artur |title=Independence generation: youth study 2016 - Armenia |last2=Vermishyan |first2=Harutyun |last3=Balasanyan |first3=Sona |date=2016 |publisher=Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung |others=Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung |isbn=978-9939-1-0484-3 |location=Yerevan}}</ref>
* In the [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]], the generation of people born in [[History of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)|Czechoslovakia]] during the [[baby boom]] which started in the early 1970s, during the period of "[[Normalization (Czechoslovakia)|normalization]]" are called "[[Husák's Children|Husák's children]]". The generation was named after the President and long-term [[Communist Party of Czechoslovakia|Communist]] leader of Czechoslovakia, [[Gustáv Husák]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/baby-boom-and-immigration-prop-up-czech-population/r~i:article:508527/|title=Baby boom and immigration prop up Czech population|date=2007-09-20|website=Aktuálně.cz|language=cs|access-date=2019-02-09|archive-date=9 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124216/https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/baby-boom-and-immigration-prop-up-czech-population/r~i:article:508527/|url-status=live}}</ref> This was due to his political program to boost the growth of population.
* In the [[China|People's Republic of China]], the "[[Post-80s]]" (Chinese: 八零后世代 or 八零后) (born-after-1980 generation) are those who were born in the 1980s in urban areas of mainland China. Growing up in modern China, the Post-80s has been characterised by its optimism for the future, newfound excitement for [[consumerism]] and [[entrepreneurship]] and acceptance of its historic role in transforming modern China into an [[World economy|economic]] power.<ref name="Yan 2006 255-262">{{cite journal|last=Yan|first=Yunxiang|title=Little Emperors or Frail Pragmatists? China's '80ers Generation.|journal=Current History|year=2006|volume=105|issue=692|pages=255–262|doi=10.1525/curh.2006.105.692.255 |doi-access=free}}</ref> There is also the similarly named "[[Post-90s]]" (Chinese: 九零后), those born after 1990.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 July 2012 |title=Brands Struggle To Connect With China's 'Post-90s' Generation |url=http://www.jingdaily.com/brands-struggle-to-connect-with-chinas-post-90s-generation/19296/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716014902/http://www.jingdaily.com/brands-struggle-to-connect-with-chinas-post-90s-generation/19296/ |archive-date=2012-07-16 |work=Jing Daily}}</ref> A broader generational classification would be the "one-child generation" born between the introduction of the [[one-child policy]] in 1979 and its softening into a "[[two-child policy]]" in 2015. The lack of siblings has had profound psychological effects on this generation, such as [[egoism]] due to always being at the centre of parents' attention as well as the stress of having to be the sole provider once the parents retire.{{cn|date=January 2025}}
* People born post-1980s in [[Hong Kong]] are for the most part different from the same generation in mainland China.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?we_cat=12&art_id=93121&sid=26708529&con_type=3&d_str=20100115&fc=4 |title=Post 80s rebels with a cause |newspaper=The Standard |first=Coleen |last=Lee |date=15 January 2010 |access-date=20 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629173954/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?we_cat=12&art_id=93121&sid=26708529&con_type=3&d_str=20100115&fc=4 |archive-date=29 June 2011 |df=dmy }}</ref> The term "[[Post-80s#Post-'80s in Hong Kong|Post-80s]]" <small>(zh: [[:zh:八十後 (香港)|八十後]])</small> came into use in [[Hong Kong]] between 2009 and 2010, particularly during the [[opposition to the Guangzhou-Hong Kong Express Rail Link]], during which a group of young activists came to the forefront of Hong Kong's political scene.<ref>Kwong wing-yuen (ed.), Zhan zai dan de yi bian, Xianggang bashihou, Hong Kong, UP Publications Limited, 2010, pp. 16–32.</ref> They are said to be "[[Post-materialism|post-materialist]]" in outlook, and they are particularly vocal in issues such as urban development, culture and heritage, and political reform. Their campaigns include the fight for the preservation of [[Lee Tung Street]], the Star Ferry Pier and the Queen's Pier, Choi Yuen Tsuen Village, real political reform (on 23 June), and a citizen-oriented Kowloon West Art district. Their discourse mainly develops around themes such as [[anti-colonialism]], [[sustainable development]], and democracy.
*In [[Hungary]], the re-criminalization of abortion and the childless-tax policies implemented by [[Anna Ratkó]] in the early-1950s resulted in a minor baby boom (roughly 1953–1956) known as the "Ratkó era" (''[[:hu:Ratkó-korszak]]'') or the "Ratkó children."<ref>Michelle Sawyer, [https://www.etd.ceu.edu/2010/sawyer_michelle.pdf Women’s Reproductive Rights under State Socialism In Hungary: The Ratkó Era, 1950-1956], Central European University, 2010</ref><ref>Erzsébet Földházi, [https://demografia.hu/en/publicationsonline/index.php/demographicportrait/article/download/893/655/658 Structure and Future of Hungary’s Population], in Monostori, J. - Őri, P. - Spéder, Zs. (eds.) ''Demographic Portrait of Hungary'' (HDRI, Budapest: 2015), 211–224</ref>
* In [[India]], generations tend to follow a pattern similar to the broad Western model, although there are still major differences, especially in the older generations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.harvardbusiness.org/erickson/2009/02/global_generations_focus_on_in.html |title=Generational Differences Between India and the U.S |publisher=Blogs.harvardbusiness.org |date=28 February 2009 |access-date=10 October 2010 |archive-date=25 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091225230933/http://blogs.harvardbusiness.org/erickson/2009/02/global_generations_focus_on_in.html |url-status=live }}</ref> One interpretation sees [[Partition of India|India's independence]] in 1947 as India's major generational shift. People born in the 1930s and 1940s tended to be loyal to the new state and tended to adhere to "traditional" divisions of society. Indian "boomers", those born after independence and into the early 1960s, witnessed events like the [[Indian Emergency]] between 1975 and 1977 which made a number of them somewhat skeptical of the government.
* In [[Israel]], where most [[Ashkenazi Jews]] born before the end of [[World War II]] were [[Holocaust survivors]], children of survivors and people who survived as babies are sometimes referred to as the "second generation (of Holocaust survivors)" (Hebrew: דור שני לניצולי שואה, ''dor sheni lenitsolei shoah''; or more often just דור שני לשואה, ''dor sheni lashoah'', literally "second generation to the Holocaust"). This term is particularly common in the context of psychological, social, and political implications of the individual and national [[transgenerational trauma]] caused by [[the Holocaust]]. Some researchers have also found signs of trauma in third-generation Holocaust survivors.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.5214219|title=New Israeli Study Finds Signs of Trauma in Grandchildren of Holocaust Survivors|date=2012-04-16|work=Haaretz|access-date=2019-02-26|archive-date=26 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226172752/https://www.haaretz.com/1.5214219|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In [[Northern Ireland]], people born after the signing of the [[Good Friday Agreement]] in 1998, generally regarded as the end of [[the Troubles]], are colloquially known as "Peace Babies".{{cn|date=January 2025}}
* In [[Norway]], the term "the dessert generation" has been applied to the baby boomers and every generation afterwards.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://snl.no/dessertgenerasjon | title=Dessertgenerasjon | date=25 November 2022 }}</ref>
*In [[Poland]] term [[generation of Columbuses]] means Poles who were born soon after Poland regained its independence in 1918, and whose adolescence was marked by World War II.
*In [[Romania]], the term decreței (from the Romanian language word decret, meaning "decree"; diminutive decrețel) is used to refer to those Romanians born during the period immediately following [[Decree 770]] signed in 1967, which restricted abortion and contraception, and was intended to create a new and large Romanian population.{{cn|date=January 2025}}
* In [[Russia]], characteristics of Russian generations are determined by fateful historical events that significantly change either the foundations of the life of the country as a whole or the rules of life in a certain period of time. Names and given descriptions of Russian generations: the Generation of Winners,<ref>Tsvetkova G.A. Richly, beautifully, happily: the cultural strategies of everyday live "Generation Winners // Educational sciences – 2013 №6. {{ISSN|2072-2524}} [https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21516313] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218112002/https://elibrary.ru/item.asp%3Fid%3D21516313|date=18 December 2019}}.</ref> the generation of the [[Cold War]], the generation of [[Perestroika]], the first non-Soviet generation (the children of Perestroika, the Witnesses of Perestroika), the digital generation.<ref>Miroshkina M.R. "Interpretations of the Generations Theory in the Context of Russian Education" // ''Yaroslavl Pedagogical Herald'', 2017, №6 [https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/interpretatsii-teorii-pokoleniy-v-kontekste-rossiyskogo-obrazovaniya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218112005/https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/interpretatsii-teorii-pokoleniy-v-kontekste-rossiyskogo-obrazovaniya|date=18 December 2019}}.</ref>
* In [[Singapore]], people born before 1949 are referred to as the "[[Pioneer Generation Package|Pioneer Generation]]" for their contributions to Singapore during the nation's earliest years. Likewise, those born between 1950 and 1959 are referred to as the "[[Merdeka Generation Package|Merdeka Generation]]" as their formative years were during the [[Self-governance of Singapore|political turbulence of the 1950s to 1960s]] in Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/270-million-in-medisave-top-ups-for-eligible-pioneer-generation-and-merdeka-generation|title=$270 million in Medisave top-ups for eligible Pioneer Generation and Merdeka Generation seniors in July|date=13 June 2019|publisher=The Straits Times|access-date=3 November 2019|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103224533/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/270-million-in-medisave-top-ups-for-eligible-pioneer-generation-and-merdeka-generation|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In [[South Africa]], people born after the [[1994 South African general election|1994 general election]], the first after [[apartheid]] was ended, are often referred to in media as the "born-free generation".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/07/south-africans-first-election-born-free-born-after-apartheid|title=South Africans vote in first election for 'born free' generation|first=David|last=Smith|work=The Guardian|date=8 May 2014|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305051858/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/07/south-africans-first-election-born-free-born-after-apartheid|url-status=live}}</ref> People born after the year 2000 are often referred to as "Ama2000",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://siphosworld.wordpress.com/2019/12/31/ama2000-generation-z/|title=# Ama2000 – Generation Z|last=Malefane|first=Sipho|date=2019-12-31|website=Sipho's reflexions|access-date=2020-02-05|archive-date=5 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205080409/https://siphosworld.wordpress.com/2019/12/31/ama2000-generation-z/|url-status=live}}</ref> a term popularized by music and a [[Coca-Cola]] advert.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGV5pH5qITU|title=Summer Yama 2000 #RefreshWherevs|website=YouTube|access-date=5 February 2020|archive-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421042456/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGV5pH5qITU&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In [[South Korea]], generational cohorts are often defined around the democratization of the country, with various schemes suggested including names such as the "democratization generation", [[386 generation]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2008/04/180_18529.html |title=Fiasco of 386 Generation |work=The Korea Times |access-date=10 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328184023/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2008/04/180_18529.html |archive-date=28 March 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref name="eastwest">{{cite web|url=http://www.eastwestcenter.org/news-center/east-west-wire/shinsedae-conservative-attitudes-of-a-new-generation-in-south-korea-and-the-impact-on-the-korean-presidential-election/ |title=Shinsedae: Conservative Attitudes of a 'New Generation' in South Korea and the Impact on the Korean Presidential Election |publisher=Eastwestcenter.org |access-date=10 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915155227/http://www.eastwestcenter.org/news-center/east-west-wire/shinsedae-conservative-attitudes-of-a-new-generation-in-south-korea-and-the-impact-on-the-korean-presidential-election/ |archive-date=15 September 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> (named after [[Intel 386]] computer in the 1990s to describe people in their late 30s and early 40s who were born in the 1960s, and attended university/college in the 1980s, also called the "June 3, 1987 generation"), that witnessed the June uprising, the "April 19 generation" (that struggled against the [[Syngman Rhee]] regime in 1960), the "June 3 generation" (that struggled against the normalization treaty with Japan in 1964), the "1969 generation" (that struggled against the constitutional revision allowing three presidential terms), and the ''shin-se-dae'' ("new") generation.<ref name="eastwest" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/NEWKHSITE/data/html_dir/2009/08/26/200908260078.asp |title=Social cohesion Ideological differences divide generations |newspaper=The Korea Herald |date=26 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205154755/http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/NEWKHSITE/data/html_dir/2009/08/26/200908260078.asp |archive-date=5 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Jip | first=Choi Jang | title=Democratization, Civil Society, and the Civil Social Movement in Korea | journal=Korea Journal | volume=40 | issue=3 | date=2019-05-15 | issn=1225-4576 | pages=26–57 | url=https://www.ekoreajournal.net/sysLib/down.php?file=..%2FUPLOAD%2FT_articles%2FPDF4033 | access-date=2019-08-23 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The term ''Shin-se-dae generation'' refers to the generation following Millennials in the Korean language. The ''Shin-se-dae generation'' are mostly free from ideological or political bias.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sun Young|first1=Park|title=Shinsedae: Conservative Attitudes of a 'New Generation' in South Korea and the Impact on the Korean Presidential Election|url=http://www.eastwestcenter.org/news-center/east-west-wire/shinsedae-conservative-attitudes-of-a-new-generation-in-south-korea-and-the-impact-on-the-korean-presidential-election/ |department=East-West Centre|publisher=Hankook Ilbo|access-date=22 May 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915155227/http://www.eastwestcenter.org/news-center/east-west-wire/shinsedae-conservative-attitudes-of-a-new-generation-in-south-korea-and-the-impact-on-the-korean-presidential-election/|archive-date=15 September 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* In [[Spain]], although in general terms there is a certain assimilation to the generational structure of Strauss and Howe (and uncritically the majority of the media use it), there are substantial differentials, for historical reasons that (as established by the Generations theory) have marked the successive age cohorts in the 20th Century. Firstly, neutrality during the First World War, which prevented it from suffering that social and cultural impact. Secondly, the Civil War and the subsequent dictatorship, which lasted four decades and, especially during its first decades, imposed strong political, social and cultural repression. And thirdly, neutrality during World War II. Thus, the sociologists [[Artemio Baigorri]] and [[Manuela Caballero]] insert, between the Silent Generation and the Baby Boom Generation (which they also call the Protest Generation), what they call the Franco Generation (1929–1943), whose childhood and early youth was marked by war, post-war scarcity and repression.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Glocalising the theory of generations: The case of Spain|last1=Caballero|first1=Manuela|last2=Baigorri|first2=Artemio|journal=Time & Society|volume=28|issue=1|pages=333–357|doi=10.1177/0961463X18783374|year=2019}}</ref>
* In [[Taiwan]], the term [[Strawberry generation]] refers to Taiwanese people born after 1981 who "bruise easily" like strawberries—meaning they can not withstand social pressure or work hard like their parents' generation; the term refers to people who are insubordinate, spoiled, selfish, arrogant, and sluggish in work.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Connecting childhood and old age in popular media |date=2018 |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |isbn=978-1-4968-1516-3 |editor-last=Joosen |editor-first=Vanessa |location=Jackson}}</ref>
* In the [[Philippines]], the Filipinos who are in [[Millennials]] is also known as ''Batang 90's''.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

===Other terminology===
The term generation is sometimes applied to a cultural movement, or more narrowly defined group than an entire demographic. Some examples include:

[[File:"Geração à Rasca" Banner.jpg|thumb|right|''Geração à Rasca'' demonstration in Lisbon, 2011]]

* The [[Stolen Generations]], refers to children of [[Aboriginal Australians]] and [[Torres Strait Islander]] descent, who were forcibly removed from their families by Australian federal and state government agencies and church missions, under Acts of their respective parliaments between approximately 1869 and 1969.<ref>[https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/education/track-history-timeline-stolen-generations, Track the History Timeline on the Australian Human Rights]</ref>
* The [[Beat Generation]], refers to a popular American cultural movement widely cited by social scholars as having laid the foundation of the pro-active American counterculture of the 1960s. It consisted of Americans born between the two world wars who came of age in the rise of the automobile era, and the surrounding accessibility they brought to the culturally diverse, yet geographically broad and separated nation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.online-literature.com/periods/beat.php|title=The Beat Generation|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-date=10 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710101322/http://www.online-literature.com/periods/beat.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Generation Jones]] is a term coined by [[Jonathan Pontell]] to describe the [[Cohort (statistics)|cohort]] of people born between 1954 and 1965. The term is used primarily in [[English-speaking countries]].<ref>{{cite book | author = Jensen, J.B. | year = 2007 | title = Future consumer tendencies and shopping behaviour: The development up until 2015-17. Research paper No. 1 | place = Denmark | publisher = Marianne Levinsen & Jesper Bo Jensen | pages = 13–17 | url = http://uk.fremforsk.dk/vis_bog.asp?AjrdcmntId=179 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130122103446/http://uk.fremforsk.dk/vis_bog.asp?AjrdcmntId=179 | archive-date = 22 January 2013 | df = dmy-all }}{{Cite news | last = Seigle | first = Greg | title = Some Call It 'Jones' | newspaper = The Washington Post | date = 6 April 2000 | url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/52287975.html?dids=52287975:52287975&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT | access-date = 18 February 2007 | archive-date = 23 October 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121023005649/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/52287975.html?dids=52287975:52287975&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="scoop">{{cite news|title=Press Release: Generation Jones is driving NZ Voter Volatility|publisher=Scoop Independent News (NZ)|date=13 September 2005|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PO0509/S00161.htm|access-date=18 February 2007|archive-date=22 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722125857/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PO0509/S00161.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Pontell defined Generation Jones as referring to the second half of the [[post–World War II baby boom]].<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2000/10/15/wpres115.xml|title=Generation Jones comes of age in time for election|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=15 October 2000|access-date=12 June 2009|location=London|first=David|last=Wastell|archive-date=7 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307092653/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2000%2F10%2F15%2Fwpres115.xml|url-status=dead}}</ref> The term also includes first-wave [[Generation X]].
* [[MTV Generation]], a term referring to the adolescents and young adults of the 1980s and early-mid 1990s who were heavily influenced by the television channel [[MTV]]. It is often used synonymously with [[Generation X]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The MetLife Study of Gen X: The MTV Generation Moves into Mid-Life|url=https://www.metlife.com/assets/cao/mmi/publications/studies/2013/mmi-gen-x.pdf|access-date=1 July 2017|publisher=MetLife|date=April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021014452/https://www.metlife.com/assets/cao/mmi/publications/studies/2013/mmi-gen-x.pdf|archive-date=21 October 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Raphelson|first1=Samantha|title=From GIs To Gen Z (Or Is It iGen?): How Generations Get Nicknames|url=https://www.npr.org/2014/10/06/349316543/don-t-label-me-origins-of-generational-names-and-why-we-use-them|access-date=1 July 2017|publisher=NPR|date=6 October 2014|archive-date=1 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701053025/http://www.npr.org/2014/10/06/349316543/don-t-label-me-origins-of-generational-names-and-why-we-use-them|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2001/SHOWBIZ/TV/07/31/mtv.20/index.html |title=MTV: Rewinding 20 years of music revolution |publisher=CNN |date=1 August 2001 |access-date=11 February 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024551/http://edition.cnn.com/2001/SHOWBIZ/TV/07/31/mtv.20/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* In Europe, a variety of terms have emerged in different countries particularly after the [[2008 financial crisis]] to designate young people with limited employment and career prospects.<ref name=Itano>{{cite news |last=Itano |first=Nicole |title=In Greece, education isn't the answer |url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/europe/090514/greece-education-isnt-the-answer |access-date=28 January 2013|newspaper=Global Post|date=14 May 2009|archive-date=20 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520181616/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/europe/090514/greece-education-isnt-the-answer|url-status=live}}</ref>
** ''The Generation of 500'' is a term popularized by the [[Media in Greece#Mass media|Greek mass media]] and refers to educated [[Greek people|Greek]] [[twixter]]s of urban centers who generally fail to establish a [[career]]. Young adults are usually forced into [[underemployment]] in temporary and occasional jobs, unrelated to their educational background, and receive the minimum allowable base [[salary]] of €500. This generation evolved in circumstances leading to the [[Economy of Greece#2010–2018 government debt crisis|Greek debt crisis]] and participated in the [[2010–2011 Greek protests]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,15117098,00.html|title=Γενιά των 600 € και "αγανακτισμένοι" της Μαδρίτης - βίοι παράλληλοι; - Πολιτική |date=2011-05-30 |work=DW.COM|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-date=3 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903170233/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,15117098,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
** In Spain, they are referred to as the ''[[:es:Mileurista|mileuristas]]'' (for €1,000, "the thousand-euro-ists").<ref>{{cite news|last=Pérez-Lanzac|first=Carmen|title=1,000 euros a month? Dream on…|url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2012/03/12/inenglish/1331575980_208983.html|access-date=28 January 2013|newspaper=El Pais|date=12 March 2012|archive-date=22 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522001117/http://elpais.com/elpais/2012/03/12/inenglish/1331575980_208983.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
** In Portugal, they are called the ''[[:pt:Geração à Rasca|Geração à Rasca]]'' (the "Scraping-By Generation"); a twist on the older term ''[[:pt:Geração rasca|Geração Rasca]]'' ("the Lousy Generation") used by detractors to refer to student demonstrations in the 1990s against Education Ministers [[:pt:António Couto dos Santos|António Couto dos Santos]] and later [[Manuela Ferreira Leite]].
** In France, they are called ''Génération précaire'' ("The Precarious Generation").
** In Italy the term "generation of 1,000 euros" is used. 
* [[Xennials]], Oregon Trail Generation, and Generation Catalano are terms used to describe individuals born during Generation X/Millennial [[cuspers|cusp]] years. ''Xennials'' is a portmanteau blending the words Generation X and Millennials to describe a microgeneration of people born from the late 1970s to the early 1980s.<ref name="Miller">{{cite news|last=Miller|first=Ryan|title=Are you a Xennial? How to tell if you're the microgeneration between Gen X and Millennial.|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/12/20/xennials-millennials-generation-x-microgeneration/2369230002/|access-date=20 December 2018|archive-date=1 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801093415/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/12/20/xennials-millennials-generation-x-microgeneration/2369230002/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Anna|first1=Garvey|title=The Biggest Difference Between Millennials and My Generation|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/anna-garvey/the-biggest-and-best-difference-between-millennials_b_7438370.html|access-date=1 July 2017|work=Huffington Post|date=25 May 2016|archive-date=25 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925010008/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/anna-garvey/the-biggest-and-best-difference-between-millennials_b_7438370.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Xennials">{{Cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2017/06/28/xennials_a_23006562/ |title=Xennials, The Microgeneration Between Gen X And Millennials |last=D'Souza |first=Joy |date=28 June 2017 |work=[[Huffington Post]] |access-date=29 June 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629071701/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2017/06/28/xennials_a_23006562/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.slate.com/articles/life/culturebox/2011/10/generation_catalano_the_generation_stuck_between_gen_x_and_the_m.single.html | title = Generation Catalano | last = Shafrir | first = Doree | date = 24 October 2011 | website = Slate | publisher = The Slate Group | access-date = 1 July 2017 | archive-date = 1 July 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170701223253/http://www.slate.com/articles/life/culturebox/2011/10/generation_catalano_the_generation_stuck_between_gen_x_and_the_m.single.html | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2017/06/28/xennials_a_23006562/|title=If You Don't Fit In With Gen X or Millennials You Might Be A Xennial"Ok Boomer"|date=2017-06-28|website=HuffPost Canada|access-date=2019-03-23|archive-date=23 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323083012/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2017/06/28/xennials_a_23006562/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Zillennials]], Zennials, Snapchat Generation, and MinionZ are terms used to describe individuals born during the Millennial/Generation Z [[cuspers|cusp]] years. ''Zillennials'' is a portmanteau blending the words Millennials and Generation Z to describe a microgeneration of people born from the early 1990s to the early 2000s.<ref name="Zennials">{{cite book |author1=Hannah L. Ubl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pZuqDgAAQBAJ |title=Managing Millennials For Dummies |author2=Lisa X. Walden |author3=Debra Arbit |date=24 April 2017 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-31022-8 |page=266 |chapter=Chapter 13: Making Adjustments for Ages and Life Stages}}</ref>
* In The Netherlands the term ''Pechgeneratie'' ("Bad luck generation") describes students who started their higher education between the years of 2015 and 2022. In those years, the Dutch government had replaced the basic grant (basisbeurs) system with a loan system in which students had to take on debt to pay for their studies.<ref>https://depechgeneratie.nl/</ref>