Editing Good Neighbor policy (section)

===Impact===
[[File:OCIAA-Nelson-Rockefeller.jpg|thumb|left|[[Nelson Rockefeller]], [[Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs|Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs]] (1940)]]
[[File:Carmen Miranda 1941.JPG|200px|thumb|[[Carmen Miranda]] became the muse of the Good Neighbor policy.]]

The Good Neighbor Policy terminated the [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marines]] [[United States occupation of Haiti|occupation of Haiti]] in 1934, led to the annulment of the [[Platt Amendment]] by the [[Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1934)|Treaty of Relations]] with Cuba in 1934, and allowed for the negotiation of compensation for [[Mexican oil expropriation|Mexico's nationalization of foreign-owned oil assets]] to take place in 1938.

The [[United States Maritime Commission]] contracted [[Moore-McCormack]] Lines to operate a ''"Good Neighbor fleet"''<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.moore-mccormack.com/The-Company/Newcomen.htm |last=Lee |first=Robert C. |author-link=Robert C. Lee |title=Mr Moore, Mr McCormack, and the Seven Seas |work=15th [[Newcomen Society of the United States|Newcomen Society]] Lecture |publisher=[[United States Coast Guard Academy]] |date=16 October 1956 |access-date=24 December 2009}}</ref> of ten cargo ships and three recently laid-up [[ocean liner]]s between the United States and South America.<ref name=Grace>{{cite web |url= http://cruiselinehistory.com/history-moore-mccormack-lines/ |last=Grace |first=Michael L |title=History – Moore-McCormack Lines |work=Cruising the Past |date=19 October 2012 |access-date=21 May 2013}}</ref> The passenger liners were the recently defunct [[Panama Pacific Line]]'s {{SS|California|1928|6}}, ''Virginia'' and ''Pennsylvania''.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://cruiselinehistory.com/cruise-line-history-%E2%80%93-panama-pacific-lines-finished-from-1938-time-magazine-2/ |publisher=Michael L Grace |title=Panama Pacific Lines finished |newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=9 May 1938 |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> Moore-McCormack had them refurbished and renamed them SS ''Uruguay'', {{SS|Brazil|1928|2}} and {{SS|Argentina|1929|2}} for their new route between [[Port of New York and New Jersey|New York]] and [[Port of Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires]] ''via'' [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Port of Santos|Santos]], and [[Port of Montevideo|Montevideo]].<ref name=Grace/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.moore-mccormack.com/SS-Uruguay-1938/SS-Uruguay-Timeline.htm |last1=Vinson |first1=Bill |last2=Casey |first2=Ginger Quering |title=S.S. ''Uruguay'' |work=Welcome Aboard Moore-McCormack Lines |access-date=21 May 2013}}</ref>

The policy sought to redefine the way Americans perceived Latin Americans, both politically as well as racially, while at the same time maintaining hemispheric unity. In order to accomplish this, Roosevelt created the [[Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs]] (OCIAA) in August 1940 and appointed [[Nelson Rockefeller]] to head the organization. The OCIAA was essentially a propaganda tool used by the United States to define Latin American society, as they perceived it. One division within the OCIAA, the Motion Picture Division, was headed by [[John Hay Whitney]], with the main intent to abolish preexisting stereotypes of Latin Americans that were prevalent throughout American society.<ref>Amanda Ellis, "Captivating a Country With Her Curves: Examining the Importance of Carmen Miranda's Iconography in Creating National Identities."(Masters Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2008),</ref> Whitney was convinced of:<blockquote>The power that Hollywood films could exert in the two-pronged campaign to win the hearts and minds of Latin Americans and to convince Americans of the benefits of Pan-American friendship.<ref>{{cite book |first=Brian |last=O'Neil |chapter=Carmen Miranda: The High Price of Fame and Bananas |title=Latina Legacies |url=https://archive.org/details/latinalegaciesid00ruiz |url-access=limited |editor1-first=Vicki L. |editor1-last=Ruiz |editor2-first=Virginia |editor2-last=Sánchez Korrol |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2005 |page=[https://archive.org/details/latinalegaciesid00ruiz/page/n207 195] |isbn=978-0-19515398-9}}</ref></blockquote>In order to accomplish this, Whitney urged film studios to hire Latin Americans and to produce movies that placed Latin America in a favorable light. Further, he urged filmmakers to refrain from producing movies that perpetuated negative stereotypes. Historically, Latin Americans were portrayed as lazy, backwards and suspicious.<ref>Data adapted from Public Opinion 1935–1946, ed. Hadley Cantril (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1951), 502.</ref> One film star who emerged then was [[Carmen Miranda]]. Used as a product to promote positive hemispheric relations, her films, including ''[[The Gang's All Here (1943 film)|The Gang's All Here]]'', explicitly promoted the Good Neighbor policy.

[[File:Chile tourism.jpg|thumbnail|right|Pamphlet describing Chile as a "tourist paradise" during the 1939 World's Fair]]
Similarly, in 1941 [[William S. Paley]] and [[Edmund Chester|Edmund A. Chester]] at [[CBS]] Radio collaborated with the OCIAA to create the "La Cadena de las Américas" (Network of the Americas) radio network to broadcast news and cultural programs which reflected Roosevelt's Good neighbor Policy and [[Pan-Americanism]] throughout Latin America during World War II.<ref>''In All His Glory: The Life and Times of William S. Paley and the Birth of Modern Broadcasting''. Salley Bedell Smith. Random House Trade Publications, New York, 2002, Chapter 18 {{ISBN|978-0-307-78671-5}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=W4IgALTXtH4C&dq=William+Paley+La+Cadena+de+las+Americas&pg=PT163 William S. Paley and La Cadena de las Americas on Books.google.com]</ref><ref>''Time'' – Radio: La Cadena, June 1, 1942 [https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,790530-1,00.html William S. Paley, La Cadena de las Americas on Content.time.com]</ref>  As a professional journalist, Chester insisted upon the presentation of accurate news programming as well as cultural programs which dispelled the negative stereotype of Americans toiling as automatons in a national industrial machine.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&q=ociaa&pg=PA166 ''Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda'' Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 pp. 152–153] {{ISBN|978-0-8166-7316-2}} OCIAA (Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs), FDR's Good Neighbor Policy, CBS, La Cadena de las Americas, Edmund A. Chester on google.books.com</ref><ref>Media Sound & Culture in Latin America & the Caribbean. Editors – Bronfman, Alejandra & Wood, Andrew Grant. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, 2012 pp. 41–50 {{ISBN|978-0-8229-6187-1}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=ehN4sM0Xy_UC&dq=OIAA+cbs&pg=PA43 Pan Americanism, FDR's Good Neighbor Policy CBS, OIAA  on Books.Google.Com]</ref> Also, the policy's cultural impact included the launch of [[CBS Radio]]'s ''[[Viva América]]'' and ''[[Hello Americans]]'' programs and the [[Walt Disney]] films ''[[Saludos Amigos]]'' (1942) and ''[[The Three Caballeros]]'' (1944).

By the end of [[World War II]], [[Latin America]] was, according to one historian, the region of the world most supportive of American foreign policy.<ref>{{cite book |last=Grandin |first=Greg |author-link=Greg Grandin |year=2006 |title=Empires Workshop: Latin America, the United States and the Rise of the New Imperialism |publisher=Metropolitan Books |isbn=0805077383 |page=not cited |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/empiresworkshopl00gran }}</ref>