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Grotesque
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===From Baroque to Victorian era=== In the 17th and 18th centuries the grotesque encompasses a wide field of [[teratology]] (science of monsters) and artistic experimentation. The monstrous, for instance, often occurs as the notion of ''play''. The sportiveness of the grotesque category can be seen in the notion of the preternatural category of the ''lusus naturae'', in natural history writings and in cabinets of curiosities.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mauries|first=Patrick|title=Cabinets of Curiosities|year=2002|publisher=Thames and Hudson}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Lorraine Daston and Katharine Park|title=Wonders and the Order of Nature|year=1998|publisher=Zone Books|location=USA: New York}}</ref> The last vestiges of romance, such as the marvellous also provide opportunities for the presentation of the grotesque in, for instance, operatic spectacle. The mixed form of the novel was commonly described as grotesque – see for instance Fielding's "comic epic poem in prose" (''Joseph Andrews'' and ''Tom Jones''). Grotesque ornament received a further impetus from new discoveries of original Roman frescoes and stucchi at [[Pompeii]] and the other buried sites round [[Mount Vesuvius]] from the middle of the century. It continued in use, becoming increasingly heavy, in the [[Empire Style]] and then in the [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] period, when designs often became as densely packed as in 16th-century engravings, and the elegance and fancy of the style tended to be lost. <gallery mode="packed" heights="170px"> Groteskmask i guldtråd på schabrak, 1600-1650 - Skoklosters slott - 102320.tif|[[Baroque]] – grotesque on a saddle pad, 1600–1650, gold thread Parlement de Bretagne - Grande Chambre porte.jpg|[[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] – grotesques on a door in the [[Palais du Parlement de Bretagne]], [[Rennes]], France, unknown architect, sculptor and painter, 17th century ([[Louis XIV]] era) Hôtel Colbert de Villacerf 1.jpg|Baroque – grotesques on the [[boiserie]] of a room from the [[Hôtel Colbert de Villacerf]], now in the [[Musée Carnavalet]], Paris, unknown architect, sculptor and painter, {{circa}} 1650<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.carnavalet.paris.fr/collections/lambris-du-cabinet-de-lhotel-colbert-de-villacerf|website=carnavalet.paris.fr|title=LAMBRIS DU CABINET DE L'HÔTEL COLBERT DE VILLACERF|author=|access-date=31 August 2023}}</ref> Detail of the Galerie d'Apollon (14).jpg|Baroque – grotesques on a door in the [[Galerie d'Apollon]], [[Louvre Palace]], Paris, by [[Louis Le Vau]] and [[Charles Le Brun]], after 1661<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sharman|first1=Ruth|title=Yves Saint Laurent & Art|date=2022|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-02544-4|page=147|url=|language=en}}</ref> Boudoir de la reine, Château de Fontainebleau.jpg|[[Louis XVI style]] – the Boudoir of Marie-Antoinette, [[Palace of Fontainebleau]], [[Fontainebleau]], France, decorated with arabesques in the Pompeiian Style, by the Rousseau brothers, 1785 Pierre Rousseau - Double-Leaf Doors - 1942.2.12 - Cleveland Museum of Art.tif|[[Neoclassicism#Architecture and the decorative arts|Neoclassical]] – door, by [[Pierre Rousseau (architect)|Pierre Rousseau]], 1790s, oil on panel, [[Cleveland Museum of Art]], [[Cleveland]], US Vase with scenes of storm on land MET DP335261 (cropped).jpg|Neoclassical – vase with scenes of storm on land and grotesques, by the [[Dihl and Guérhard porcelain|Duc d'Angoulême's porcelain factory]], {{circa}} 1797–1798, hard-paste porcelain, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York Boulevard du Temple (Paris), numéro 42, portail 06 grille en fonte.jpg|[[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] – [[cast iron]] door window grill of a building on the [[Boulevard du Temple]] no. 42, Paris, unknown architect, {{circa}} 1850 File:Paris 7e 34 rue du Bac 27.JPG|Renaissance Revival – cast iron door window grill of [[Rue du Bac, Paris|Rue du Bac]] no. 34, Paris, unknown architect, {{circa}} 1850 File:Paris Palais Royal Restaurant Grand Véfour Säulen 1.jpg|Neoclassical – interior of [[Le Grand Véfour]], Paris, by M.L. Viguet, 1852<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00085851|website=pop.culture.gouv.fr|title=Immeuble en bordure du Palais-Royal, restaurant Le Grand Véfour|access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref> File:Paris Palais Royal Restaurant Grand Véfour Säulen 2.jpg|Neoclassical – interior of [[Le Grand Véfour]], Paris, by M.L. Viguet, 1852<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00085851|website=pop.culture.gouv.fr|title=Immeuble en bordure du Palais-Royal, restaurant Le Grand Véfour|access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref> File:Paris Palais Royal Restaurant Grand Véfour Säulen 3.jpg|Neoclassical – interior of [[Le Grand Véfour]], Paris, by M.L. Viguet, 1852<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00085851|website=pop.culture.gouv.fr|title=Immeuble en bordure du Palais-Royal, restaurant Le Grand Véfour|access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref> Decorative arts in the Louvre - Room 545 (06).jpg|Eclectic – grotesques panel in the [[Napoleon III]] Apartments of the Louvre Palace, unknown painted and designer, {{circa}} 1860 </gallery>
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