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Gwyn ap Nudd
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===Later traditions=== [[File:Dafydd ap Gwilym at Cardiff City Hall.jpg|thumb|right|Sculpture of Dafydd ap Gwilym by W Wheatley Wagstaff at [[City Hall, Cardiff]].]] Over time, Gwyn's role would diminish and, in later folklore, he was regarded as the king of the ''[[Tylwyth Teg]]'', the fairies of Welsh lore. He appears as a simpler figure in ''Buchedd Collen'' (''The Life of [[Saint Collen]]''), in which he and his retinue are vanquished from [[Glastonbury Tor]] with the use of [[holy water]]. According to the ''[[Speculum Christiani]]'', a fourteenth century manuscript against divination, Welsh soothsayers would invoke Gwyn's name before entering woodlands, proclaiming: "to the king of Spirits, and to his queen— Gwyn ap Nudd, you who are yonder in the forest, for love of your mate, permit us to enter your dwelling."<ref>Medieval folklore: an encyclopedia of myths, legends, tales, beliefs, and customs ed. Carl Lindahl, John McNamara, John Lindow. Oxford University Press, 2002. p. 190</ref> The celebrated fourteenth-century [[bard]] [[Dafydd ap Gwilym]] refers to Gwyn in a number of texts, suggesting that the character was widely known in Wales during the medieval period. In ''Y Dylluan'', he describes the eponymous [[owl]] as the "fowl of Gwyn ap Nudd". ''Y Pwll Mawn'', in which the bard tells an unfortunate autobiographical account in which he and his horse were almost drowned in a lake, described as the "fish lake of Gwyn ap Nudd" and "the palace of the elves and their children." Gwyn is often associated with the Wild Hunt, in a role akin to [[Woden]] or [[Herne the Hunter]]. Some traditions name Gwyn's chief huntsman as Iolo ap Huw, who, every [[Calan Gaeaf|Halloween]], "may be found cheering [[Cŵn Annwn]] over [[Cader Idris]]".<ref>Rhys, John. ''Celtic folklore: Welsh and Manx.'' p. 180-181</ref> In the [[Black Book of Carmarthen]] Gwyn states that his finest hound is [[Dormarch]].<ref>Evans, John Gwenogvryn (1906). The Black Book of Carmarthen. Pwllheli. p. XI</ref> According to a 14th century Latin manuscript against witchcraft, Welsh "[[Cunning folk in Britain|dynion hysbys]]" (soothsayers) would repeat the following:<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Lindahl |editor-first1=Carl |editor-last2=Mcnamara |editor-first2=John |editor-last3=Lindow |editor-first3=John |title=Medieval Folklore: A Guide to Myths, Legends, Tales, Beliefs, and Customs |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=120 |language=en}}</ref> {{Verse translation|{{lang|la|Ad regem Eumenidium, et reginam eius: Gwynn ap Nwdd qui es ultra in silvis pro amore concubine tue permitte nos venire domum.}}|To the King of the Faeries, and to his Queen: Gwyn ap Nudd thou who art far in the forest for the love of your consort permit us to enter thy dwelling.}} The Latin term ''Eumenidium'' is used, which can be translated as ''"the Benevolent Ones"''<ref>{{cite book |last=Rüdiger |first=Angelika H |date=2012 |title=Gramarye: The Journal of the Sussex Centre for Folklore, Fairy Tales and Fantasy: Issue 2 |location= |publisher=University of Chichester |isbn= |chapter=Gwyn ap Nudd: Transfigurations of a character on the way from medieval literature to neo-pagan beliefs |page=38}}</ref> and act as an euphemism to mean ''y tylwyth teg'' or ''faeries'', and the king of the faeries is Gwyn ap Nudd; with logic, it could be argued that Gwyn ap Nudd is "Eumenidium."
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