Editing Hallstein Doctrine (section)

==Origin of the "doctrine"==
In 1955 [[Konrad Adenauer]] visited Moscow, where agreement was reached that the Federal Republic of Germany and the Soviet Union would establish diplomatic relations. This was obviously in the interest of the Federal Republic of Germany but—because the Soviet Union also maintained diplomatic relations with the German Democratic Republic—it was apparently inconsistent with the [[exclusive mandate]] policy, which insisted that other states should not maintain diplomatic relations with both German "states". There was therefore a need to publicly define the policy and reinforce the message that the Federal Republic would not accept any other states maintaining diplomatic relations with both the Federal Republic of Germany and the ("so-called") German Democratic Republic.<ref name="KilianW_2001"/>{{Rp|22}}

[[Walter Hallstein]] and [[Wilhelm Grewe]] were members of the delegation that accompanied Adenauer to Moscow.<ref name="KilianW_2001"/>{{Rp|13}} It was on the flight back from Moscow that the major elements of the policy were laid down,<ref name="KilianM_2005"/>{{Rp|372f}}<ref name=":1">{{cite AV media | people =[[Wilhelm Grewe]] (interviewee), Archiv für Christlich-Demokratische Politik der Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Sankt Augustin (prod.) |  date=1987 | title = The resumption of diplomatic relations between the FRG and the USSR and the Hallstein Doctrine (1955) | language=de | medium = video| url = http://www.cvce.eu/viewer/-/content/f0dba850-fc25-42bc-9095-fa2cc9a48c6c/en
|publication-date= 2011-08-15| access-date = 2013-03-09 | format = Flash | time =04:09 | publisher = Centre virtuel de la connaissance sur l'Europe }}</ref> though elements of the policy had already been devised and practised by the Foreign Office before.<ref name="KilianW_2001"/>{{Rp|19–21}}  Hallstein referred to the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union in spite of the latter's recognition of East Germany as a "singular act" because of the Soviet Union's privileged status as an occupying power.<ref name="KilianW_2001"/>{{Rp|22}}

Adenauer talked of the policy in a press conference on 16 September 1955 and again in a government statement to the parliament on 22 September 1955, warning other states that establishing diplomatic relations with the German Democratic Republic would be regarded as an unfriendly act.<ref name="KilianW_2001"/>{{Rp|22}} On 8 December 1955, there was a meeting of the heads of all major German embassies and the leadership of the Foreign Office. The policy of non-recognition of the German Democratic Republic was one of the main points on the agenda. The text of the speeches by Foreign Minister Brentano, Hallstein and Grewe were later distributed to embassies worldwide.<ref name="KilianW_2001"/>{{Rp|22}}

===Authorship and name===
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F028459-0019, Robert-Schuman-Preis, Verleihung an Walter Hallstein.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Walter Hallstein]] in 1969, accepting the [[Robert Schuman Prize]]]]
The Hallstein Doctrine was named after [[Walter Hallstein]], then "state secretary" (the top civil servant) at the [[German Foreign Office]], though largely devised and implemented by the head of the political department of the [[German Foreign Office]], [[Wilhelm Grewe]].<ref name="Jaenicke"/>

At the time the Hallstein Doctrine was born (or at least named), [[Heinrich von Brentano]] was the foreign minister, a post that had been recently created, after West Germany largely regained its sovereignty in 1955—before this, political responsibility for foreign policy had been retained by the chancellor, [[Konrad Adenauer]]. Brentano is also known to have referred to the policy, or a variation of it as the Brentano Doctrine.<ref name="KilianW_2001"/>{{Rp|25}}

Some time later, in 1958, journalists named the policy ''the Hallstein–Grewe Doctrine'', and this later became shortened to ''the Hallstein Doctrine''.<ref name="Gray 2003"/>{{Rp|84}} Grewe himself writes that he devised the broad outlines of the policy, but mainly as one of a number of options, the decisions being made by the foreign minister, Brentano, and the chancellor, Adenauer; in any case, the name Hallstein doctrine may be something of a misnomer.<ref name="Grewe_1995"/>{{Rp|59}}
 [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1989-101-01A, Moskau, Besuch Konrad Adenauer.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Konrad Adenauer]] in Moscow, 1955]]