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Haptic technology
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=== Air vortex rings === [[Vortex ring|Air vortex rings]] are donut-shaped air pockets made up of concentrated gusts of air. Focused air vortices can have the force to blow out a candle or disturb papers from a few yards away. Both Microsoft Research (AirWave)<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Gupta|first1=Sidhant|last2=Morris|first2=Dan|last3=Patel|first3=Shwetak N.|last4=Tan|first4=Desney|title=Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international joint conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing |chapter=AirWave |date=2013-01-01|series=UbiComp '13|location=New York|publisher=ACM|pages=419β28|doi=10.1145/2493432.2493463|isbn=978-1-4503-1770-2|s2cid=1749365}}</ref> and Disney Research (AIREAL)<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sodhi|first1=Rajinder|last2=Poupyrev|first2=Ivan|last3=Glisson|first3=Matthew|last4=Israr|first4=Ali|date=2013-07-01|title=AIREAL: Interactive Tactile Experiences in Free Air|journal=ACM Trans. Graph.|volume=32|issue=4|pages=134:1β10|doi=10.1145/2461912.2462007|s2cid=5798443|issn=0730-0301}}</ref> have used air vortices to deliver non-contact haptic feedback.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Shtarbanov|first1=Ali|last2=Bove Jr.|first2=V. Michael|title=Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems |chapter=Free-Space Haptic Feedback for 3D Displays via Air-Vortex Rings |date=2018|url=http://obm.media.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/05/LBW622.pdf|language=en|location=Montreal QC, Canada|publisher=ACM Press|pages=1β6|doi=10.1145/3170427.3188622|isbn=9781450356213|s2cid=5049106}}</ref>
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