Editing Hashimoto's thyroiditis (section)

==== HLA genes ====
The first gene [[Locus (genetics)|locus]] associated with autoimmune thyroid disease was the [[major histocompatibility complex]] (MHC) region on [[chromosome]] 6p21. It encodes [[human leukocyte antigen]]s (HLAs). Specific HLA [[Allele|alleles]] have a higher affinity to auto-antigenic thyroidal [[Peptide|peptides]] and can contribute to autoimmune thyroid disease development. Specifically, in Hashimoto's disease, aberrant expression of HLA II on [[Thyroid follicular cell|thyrocytes]] has been demonstrated. They can present thyroid autoantigens and initiate autoimmune thyroid disease.<ref name="Jacobson-2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jacobson EM, Huber A, Tomer Y | title = The HLA gene complex in thyroid autoimmunity: from epidemiology to etiology | journal = Journal of Autoimmunity | volume = 30 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 58–62 | date = 2008 | pmid = 18178059 | pmc = 2244911 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaut.2007.11.010 }}</ref> Susceptibility alleles are not consistent in Hashimoto's disease. In Caucasians, various alleles are reported to be associated with the disease, including [[Death receptor 3|DR3]], [[Death receptor 5|DR5]], and [[HLA-DQ7|DQ7]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tandon N, Zhang L, Weetman AP | title = HLA associations with Hashimoto's thyroiditis | journal = Clinical Endocrinology | volume = 34 | issue = 5 | pages = 383–386 | date = May 1991 | pmid = 1676351 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1991.tb00309.x | s2cid = 28987581 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bogner U, Badenhoop K, Peters H, Schmieg D, Mayr WR, Usadel KH, Schleusener H | title = HLA-DR/DQ gene variation in nongoitrous autoimmune thyroiditis at the serological and molecular level | journal = Autoimmunity | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 155–158 | date = January 1992 | pmid = 1363895 | doi = 10.3109/08916939209083135 }}</ref>