Editing Ho-Chunk language (section)

== Orthography ==
The official Ho-Chunk [[orthography]] derives from an [[Americanist phonetic notation|Americanist version]] of the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA). As such, its graphemes broadly resemble those of IPA, and there is a close one-to-one correspondence between graphemes and phonemes. The orthography differs from IPA in that the nasal vowels are indicated using an [[ogonek]]. Thus, /ĩ/, /ũ/, and /ã/ are written as ''į'', ''ų'', and ''ą,'' respectively. In addition, the postalveolar and palatal consonants are written as ''c, j, š, ž,'' and ''y'' (in IPA: /tʃ/, /dʒ/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/ and /j/), the velar fricative /ɣ/ is written as ''ǧ,'' and the [[glottal stop]] is written as ''ʼ'' .

The diacritic marks can be referred to in Ho-Chunk with the following terms: {{lang|win|sįįc}} 'tail' for the ogonek, {{lang|win|wookąnąk}} 'hat' for the haček, and {{lang|win|hiyuša jikere}} 'sudden start/stop' for the glottal stop.

For a short period of time in the mid to late 1800s, Ho-Chunk was written with an adaptation of the [[Great Lakes Algonquian syllabary|"Ba-Be-Bi-Bo" syllabics]] system. As of 1994, however, the official alphabet of the [[Ho-Chunk|Ho-Chunk Nation]] is an adaptation of the [[Latin script]].  The Ho-Chunk Nations of Wisconsin and Nebraska represent some sounds differently in the alphabets that they use, as the Wisconsin tribe write a double vowel to mark longer length, and the Nebraska tribe uses a macron over the vowel (compare ''oo'' with ''ō'' for IPA /o:/'').'' These differences, shown with example words, are demonstrated in the chart below.  In total, the Ho-Chunk writing system consists of 26 consonant and 16 vowel graphs/digraphs.[https://web.archive.org/web/20030423003555/http://www.hocak.info/]

=== The sounds of Ho-Chunk with example words ===

Source:<ref name=":02"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Ho-Chunk Nation 
of Wisconsin
!Ho-Chunk Nation
of Nebraska
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!Example word
|-
|colspan=2|'''a'''
|a, ʌ
|''c'''a'''š'' ′tapping sound′
|-
|'''aa'''
|'''ā'''
|aː
|''c'''aa''''' / ''c'''ā''''' ′deer′
|-
|colspan=2|'''ą'''
|ã, ʌ̃
|''nįįp'''ą'''n'''ą''''' ′soup′
|-
|'''ąą'''
|'''ą̄'''
|ã:
|''p'''ąą''''' / ''p'''ą̄''''' ′bag′
|-
|colspan=2|'''b'''
|b
|'''''b'''oojaš'' / '''''b'''ōjaš'' ′marbles′
|-
|colspan=2|'''c'''
|tʃ
|'''''c'''aa'' / '''''c'''ā'' ′deer′
|-
|colspan=2|'''e'''
|e, ɛ
|''s'''e'''r'''e'''c'' ′(be) long′
|-
|'''ee'''
|'''ē'''
|eː, ɛː
|''s'''ee'''p'' / ''s'''ē'''p'' ′(be) black′
|-
|colspan=2|'''g'''
|g
|'''''g'''aa'''g'''a'' / '''''g'''ā'''g'''a ′''grandma′
|-
|colspan=2|'''ǧ'''
|ɣ
|'''''ǧ'''aak'' / '''''ǧ'''āk ′''(to) cry′
|-
|colspan=2|'''h'''
|h
|'''''H'''oocąk'' / '''''H'''ōcąk''  ′Ho-Chunk′
|-
|colspan=2|'''i'''
|i
|''k'''i'''r'''i'''k'''i'''r'''i'''š'' ′(be) striped′
|-
|'''ii'''
|'''ī'''
|iː
|''c'''ii'''nąk'' / ''c'''ī'''nąk ′''village, town′
|-
|colspan=2|'''į'''
|ĩ
|''hoc'''į'''c'''į''''' ′boy′
|-
|'''įį'''
|'''į̄'''
|ĩ:
|''p'''įį''''' / ''p'''į̄''''' ′(be) good′
|-
|colspan=2|'''j'''
|dʒ
|'''''j'''aasge'' / '''''j'''āsge'' ′how′
|-
|colspan=2|'''k'''
|k
|'''''k'''eecą'''k''''' / ''''''''k''''''ēcą'''k''''' ′turtle′''
|-
|colspan=2|'''kʼ'''
|kʼ
|'''''kʼ'''ee'' / '''''kʼ'''ē'' ′(to) dig′
|-
|colspan=2|'''m'''
|m
|'''''m'''įįnąk'' / '''''m'''į̄nąk'' ′(to) sit′
|-
|colspan=2|'''n'''
|n
|'''''n'''įį'' / '''''n'''''į̄' ′water′
|-
|colspan=2|'''o'''
|o
|''x'''o'''r'''o''''' ′(to) snore′
|-
|'''oo'''
|'''ō'''
|o:
|''c'''oo''''' / c'''ō''' ′(be) blue, green′
|-
|colspan=2|'''p'''
|p
|'''''p'''ąą'' / '''''p'''ą̄'' ′bag′
|-
|colspan=2|'''pʼ'''
|pʼ
|'''''pʼ'''oo'''pʼ'''oš'' / '''''pʼ'''ō'''pʼ'''oš'' ′(be) fluffy′
|-
|colspan=2|'''r'''
|r
|'''''r'''oohą'' / '''''r'''ōhą'' ′a lot′
|-
|colspan=2|'''s'''
|s
|'''''s'''ii'' / '''''s'''ī''  ′foot′
|-
|colspan=2|'''sʼ'''
|sʼ
|''ru'''sʼ'''į'''sʼ'''į'' ′(to) shiver, shake′
|-
|colspan=2|'''š'''
|ʃ
|'''''š'''uuc'' / '''''š'''ūc'' ′(be) red′
|-
|colspan=2|'''šʼ'''
|ʃʼ
|''ru'''šʼ'''a'''šʼ'''a'' ′(to) tickle′
|-
|colspan=2|'''t'''
|t
|'''''t'''aanį'' / '''''t'''ānį'' ′three′
|-
|colspan=2|'''tʼ'''
|tʼ
|'''''tʼ'''ąą'' / '''''tʼ'''''ą̄' ′(to) fly′
|-
|colspan=2|'''u'''
|u
|''war'''u'''c'' ′(to) eat, food′
|-
|'''uu'''
|'''ū'''
|u:
|''h'''uu''''' / ''hū'' ′leg′
|-
|colspan=2|'''ų'''
|ũ
|''gig'''ų'''s'' ′(to) teach′
|-
|'''ųų'''
|'''ų̄'''
|ũ:
|''h'''ųų'''c'' / ''h'''ų̄'''c'' ′bear′
|-
|colspan=2|'''w'''
|w
|'''''w'''aa'' / ''wā'' ′snow′
|-
|colspan=2|'''x'''
|x
|'''''x'''ee'' / '''''x'''ē'' ′(to) bury, hill′
|-
|colspan=2|'''xʼ'''
|xʼ
|'''''xʼ'''ooke'' / '''''xʼ'''ōke'' ′parents′
|-
|colspan=2|'''y'''
|j
|''ii'''y'''aara'' / ī'''y'''āra ′(to) yawn′
|-
|colspan=2|'''z'''
|z
|'''''z'''ii'' / '''''z'''ī'' ′(be) yellow, brown′
|-
|colspan=2|'''ž'''
|ʒ
|'''''ž'''uura'' / '''''ž'''ūra'' ′money, dollar′
|-
|colspan=2| ʼ 
|ʔ
|''wa'''ʼ'''ų'' ′(to) be, do′
|}