Editing Howler monkey (section)

===Communication===
[[File:howler monkey.jpg|thumb|A pair of [[Alouatta caraya|black howler monkeys]] (''Alouatta caraya'') vocalising]]
{{listen|filename=Howler monkey.ogg|title=Howler monkey growls|description=Unidentified species in [[Petén Department]], [[Guatemala]]|format=[[ogg]]}}
As their name suggests, vocal [[Animal communication|communication]] forms an important part of their [[social behavior]].  They each have an enlarged basihyal or [[hyoid bone]], which helps them make their loud vocalizations. Group males generally call at dawn and dusk, as well as interspersed times throughout the day. Their main vocals consist of loud, deep, guttural growls or "howls". Howler monkeys are widely considered to be the loudest land animals. According to ''Guinness Book of World Records'', their vocalizations can be heard clearly for {{Convert|3|mi|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/black-howler-monkey | title=Black howler monkey| website=Smithsonian’s National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute| date=4 April 2016| access-date=12 February 2019}}</ref> The function of [[howling]] is thought to relate to intergroup spacing and territory protection, as well as possibly to mate-guarding. Howlers call usually when they are in areas with major feeding sites, which in some sort lead to advertise major feeding sites and their willingness to defend locally available fruit trees. Black howler monkeys incorporate information on resource availability along with neighbors’ current location. And the abundance of flowers are found to be an important factor that influenced behavior. Neighbors are more likely to move towards these calls when resource are scarce, and the reverse is true.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Van Belle |first1=Sarie |last2=Estrada |first2=Alejandro |date=2020-04-01 |title=The Influence of Loud Calls on Intergroup Spacing Mechanism in Black Howler Monkeys (Alouatta pigra) |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-019-00121-x |journal=International Journal of Primatology |language=en |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=265–286 |doi=10.1007/s10764-019-00121-x |s2cid=209481526 |issn=1573-8604|url-access=subscription }}</ref>