Editing Human behavior (section)

== Cognitive behavior ==
{{Main|Cognition}}
[[File:Andriyaka mk (1).jpg|thumb|People being taught to paint in [[Volgograd]], Russia (2013)]]
Human cognition is distinct from that of other animals. This is derived from biological traits of human cognition, but also from shared [[knowledge]] and development passed down culturally. Humans are able to learn from one another due to advanced theory of mind that allows knowledge to be obtained through [[education]]. The use of language allows humans to directly pass knowledge to one another.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tomasello |first1=Michael |last2=Rakoczy |first2=Hannes |date=2003 |title=What Makes Human Cognition Unique? From Individual to Shared to Collective Intentionality |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0017.00217 |journal=Mind and Language |language=en |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=121–147 |doi=10.1111/1468-0017.00217 |issn=0268-1064 |access-date=2022-08-12 |archive-date=2022-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812173311/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0017.00217 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Colagè |first1=Ivan |last2=d'Errico |first2=Francesco |date=2020 |title=Culture: The Driving Force of Human Cognition |journal=Topics in Cognitive Science |language=en |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=654–672 |doi=10.1111/tops.12372 |pmid=30033618 |s2cid=51706960 |issn=1756-8757 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The [[human brain]] has [[neuroplasticity]], allowing it to modify its features in response to new experiences. This facilitates [[learning]] in humans and leads to behaviors of [[Practice (learning method)|practice]], allowing the development of new skills in individual humans.<ref name=":1" /> Behavior carried out over time can be ingrained as a [[habit]], where humans will continue to regularly engage in the behavior without consciously deciding to do so.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wood |first1=Wendy |last2=Rünger |first2=Dennis |date=2016-01-04 |title=Psychology of Habit |journal=Annual Review of Psychology |language=en |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=289–314 |doi=10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033417 |pmid=26361052 |s2cid=8821136 |issn=0066-4308|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Humans engage in [[reason]] to make [[inference]]s with a limited amount of information. Most human reasoning is done automatically without conscious effort on the part of the individual. Reasoning is carried out by making generalizations from past experiences and applying them to new circumstances. Learned knowledge is acquired to make more accurate inferences about the subject. [[Deductive reasoning]] infers conclusions that are true based on [[logic]]al premises, while [[inductive reasoning]] infers what conclusions are likely to be true based on context.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Evans |first1=Jonathan St.B. T. |title=Human Reasoning: The Psychology of Deduction |last2=Newstead |first2=Stephen E. |last3=Byrne |first3=Ruth M. J. |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2019 |isbn=978-1317716266 |chapter=Introduction}}</ref>

[[Emotion]] is a cognitive experience innate to humans. Basic emotions such as [[joy]], [[Mental distress|distress]], [[anger]], [[fear]], [[Surprise (emotion)|surprise]], and [[disgust]] are common to all cultures, though social norms regarding the expression of emotion may vary. Other emotions come from higher cognition, such as, [[Guilt (emotion)|guilt]], [[shame]], [[embarrassment]], [[pride]], [[envy]], and [[jealousy]]. These emotions develop over time rather than instantly and are more strongly influenced by cultural factors.{{Sfn|Evans|2003|pp=1–21}} Emotions are influenced by [[sensory information]], such as [[color]] and [[music]], and [[Mood (psychology)|mood]]s of [[happiness]] and [[sadness]]. Humans typically maintain a standard level of happiness or sadness determined by health and social relationships, though positive and negative events have short-term influences on mood. Humans often seek to improve the moods of one another through [[consolation]], [[entertainment]], and [[complaining|venting]]. Humans can also self-regulate mood through [[exercise]] and [[meditation]].{{Sfn|Evans|2003|pp=47–}}

[[Creativity]] is the use of previous ideas or resources to produce something original. It allows for [[innovation]], adaptation to change, learning new information, and novel problem solving. Expression of creativity also supports [[quality of life]]. Creativity includes personal creativity, in which a person presents new ideas [[Authenticity (philosophy)|authentically]], but it can also be expanded to social creativity, in which a community or society produces and recognizes ideas collectively.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Runco |first=Mark A. |title=The Nature of Human Creativity |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2018 |isbn=978-1108185936 |editor-last=Sternberg |editor-first=Robert J. |pages=246–263 |doi=10.1017/9781108185936.018 |editor-last2=Kaufman |editor-first2=James C.}}</ref> Creativity is applied in typical human life to solve problems as they occur. It also leads humans to carry out [[art]] and [[science]]. Individuals engaging in advanced creative work typically have specialized knowledge in that field, and humans draw on this knowledge to develop novel ideas. In art, creativity is used to develop new artistic works, such as [[Visual arts|visual art]] or [[music]]. In science, those with knowledge in a particular scientific field can use [[trial and error]] to develop theories that more accurately explain phenomena.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Simon |first=Herbert A. |date=2001 |title=Creativity in the Arts and the Sciences |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4338222 |journal=The Kenyon Review |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=203–220 |jstor=4338222 |issn=0163-075X |access-date=2022-08-14 |archive-date=2022-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814204752/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4338222 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Religious behavior]] is a set of traditions that are followed based on the teachings of a religious belief system. The nature of religious behavior varies depending on the specific religious traditions. Most religious traditions involve variations of telling [[myth]]s, practicing [[ritual]]s, making certain things [[taboo]], adopting [[Religious symbol|symbolism]], determining morality, experiencing [[Altered state of consciousness|altered states of consciousness]], and believing in [[supernatural]] beings. Religious behavior is often demanding and has high time, energy, and material costs, and it conflicts with [[Rational choice theory|rational choice]] models of human behavior, though it does provide community-related benefits. Anthropologists offer competing theories as to why humans adopted religious behavior.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sosis |first1=Richard |last2=Alcorta |first2=Candace |date=2003-11-24 |title=Signaling, solidarity, and the sacred: The evolution of religious behavior |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/evan.10120 |journal=Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews |language=en |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=264–274 |doi=10.1002/evan.10120 |s2cid=443130 |access-date=2022-08-14 |archive-date=2022-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814003329/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/evan.10120 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Religious behavior is heavily influenced by social factors, and group involvement is significant in the development of an individual's religious behavior. Social structures such as [[religious organization]]s or family units allow the sharing and coordination of religious behavior. These social connections reinforce the cognitive behaviors associated with religion, encouraging [[orthodoxy]] and commitment.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cornwall |first=Marie |date=1989 |title=The Determinants of Religious Behavior: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Test |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2579261 |journal=Social Forces |volume=68 |issue=2 |pages=572–592 |doi=10.2307/2579261 |jstor=2579261 |access-date=2022-08-14 |archive-date=2021-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103062916/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2579261 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> According to a [[Pew Research Center]] report, 54% of adults around the world state that religion is very important in their lives as of 2018.<ref name="pew1">{{cite web |date=13 June 2018 |title='How religious commitment varies by country among people of all ages |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2018/06/13/how-religious-commitment-varies-by-country-among-people-of-all-ages/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827174002/http://www.pewforum.org/2018/06/13/how-religious-commitment-varies-by-country-among-people-of-all-ages/ |archive-date=27 August 2018 |access-date=9 March 2019 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center|Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life]]}}</ref>