Editing Human migration (section)

== Voluntary and forced migration ==
Migration is usually divided into ''voluntary migration'' and ''forced migration''. The distinction between ''involuntary'' (fleeing political conflict or natural disaster) and ''voluntary migration'' (economic or [[Labour Migration|labour migration]]) is difficult to make and partially subjective, as the motivators for migration are often correlated. The [[World Bank]] estimated that, as of 2010, 16.3 million or 7.6% of migrants qualified as refugees.<ref name="worldbankfactbook2011">{{cite web |title=Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 |url=https://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLAC/Resources/Factbook2011-Ebook.pdf |access-date=25 March 2019 |publisher=[[World Bank]] |page=18 |edition=2nd |place=Washington, D.C.}}</ref> This number grew to 19.5 million by 2014 (comprising approximately 7.9% of the total number of migrants, based on the figure recorded in 2013).<ref name="worldbankfactbook2016">{{cite web |title=Migration and Remittances Factbook 2016 |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/23743/9781464803192.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y |access-date=25 March 2019 |publisher=[[World Bank]] |pages=19–20 |edition=3rd |place=Washington, D.C.}} As noted on p. xiii, the report presents migrant stocks for 2013, refugee numbers for 2014, remittance outflows for 2014, and remittance inflows for 2015.</ref> At levels of roughly 3 percent the share of migrants among the world population has remained remarkably constant over the last 5 decades.<ref>{{Cite journal |first1=Mathias |last1=Czaika |first2=Hein de |last2=Haas |year=2014 |title=The Globalization of Migration: Has the World Become More Migratory? |journal=[[International Migration Review]] |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=283–323 |doi=10.1111/imre.12095 |s2cid=144759565}}</ref>

=== Voluntary migration ===
{{See also|Free State Project}}
'''Voluntary migration''' is based on the initiative and the free will of the person and is influenced by a combination of factors: economic, political and social: either in the migrants' country of origin (determinant factors or "push factors") or in the country of destination (attraction factors or "pull factors"). "Push-pull factors" are the reasons that push or attract people to a particular place. "Push" factors are the negative aspects(for example wars) of the country of origin, often decisive in people's choice to emigrate. The "pull" factors are the positive aspects of a different country that encourages people to emigrate to seek a better life. For example, the government of [[Armenia]] periodically gives incentives to people who will migrate to live in villages close to the border with Azerbaijan. This is an implementation of a push strategy, and the reason people do not want to live near the border is security concerns given tensions and hostility because of Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite news |title=More Armenian Border Villages Eligible For Tax Breaks, Subsidies |url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/31106046.html |access-date=2021-05-01 |website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան |date=16 February 2021 |language=hy|last1=Badalian |first1=Susan }}</ref>

Although the push-pull factors are opposed, both are sides of the same coin, being equally important. Although specific to forced migration, any other harmful factor can be considered a "push factor" or determinant/trigger factor, such examples being: poor quality of life, lack of jobs, excessive pollution, hunger, drought or natural disasters. Such conditions represent decisive reasons for voluntary migration, the population preferring to migrate in order to prevent financially unfavorable situations or even emotional and physical suffering.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tataru |first=Georgiana |date=2020-01-14 |title=Migration – an Overview on Terminology, Causes and Effects |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338590488 |journal=Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Law |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=10–29 |doi=10.18662/lumenlaw/24 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

=== Forced migration ===
There are contested definitions of forced migration. However, the editors of a leading scientific journal on the subject, the ''[[Forced Migration Review]]'', offer the following definition: Forced migration refers to the movements of refugees and internally displaced people (displaced by conflict) as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine, or development projects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome {{!}} Forced Migration Review |url=https://www.fmreview.org/ |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www.fmreview.org}}</ref> These different causes of migration leave people with one choice, to move to a new environment. Immigrants leave their beloved homes to seek a life in camps, spontaneous settlement, and countries of asylum.<ref>[[Colson, Elizabeth]], [http://web.mnstate.edu/robertsb/308/forced%20migration%20and%20the%20anthropological%20response.pdf "Forced Migration and the Anthropological Response"]. ''[[Journal of Refugee Studies]]''. Vol. 16, No. 1, 2003, pp. 1–19</ref>

By the end of 2018, there were an estimated 67.2 million forced migrants globally{{snd}}25.9 million refugees displaced from their countries, and 41.3 million internally displaced persons that had been displaced within their countries for different reasons.<ref name="world-migration-report-2020"/> In 2022, 6 million Ukrainian people fled their country; meanwhile, 3 million Syrian people fled in 3 years.