Editing Immaculate Conception (section)

==Feast, patronages and disputes==
[[File:Quadrittu (cropped).jpg|thumb|The procession of the ''Quadrittu'' of the Immaculate Conception taken on December 7 in [[Saponara]], [[Sicily]]]]
{{Main|Feast of the Immaculate Conception|Patronages of the Immaculate Conception}}
The feast day of the Immaculate Conception is December 8.{{sfn|Barrely|2014|p=40}} The [[Roman Missal]] and the [[Roman Rite]] [[Liturgy of the Hours]] include references to Mary's immaculate conception in the [[Liturgical year|feast]] of the Immaculate Conception. Its celebration seems to have begun in the Eastern church in the 7th century and may have spread to Ireland by the 8th, although the earliest well-attested record in the Western church is from England early in the 11th.{{sfn|Boss|2000|p=124}} It was suppressed there after the [[Norman Conquest]] (1066), and the first thorough exposition of the doctrine was a response to this suppression.{{sfn|Boss|2000|p=124}} It continued to spread through the 15th century despite accusations of heresy from the [[Thomism|Thomists]] and strong objections from several prominent theologians.{{sfn|Boss|2000|p=128}} 

Beginning around 1140 [[Bernard of Clairvaux]], a [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] monk, wrote to Lyons Cathedral to express his surprise and dissatisfaction that it had recently begun to be observed there,{{sfn|Boss|2000|p=126}} but in 1477 [[Pope Sixtus IV]], a Franciscan [[Scotism|Scotist]] and devoted Immaculist, placed it on the Roman calendar (i.e., list of church festivals and observances) via the bull ''Cum praexcelsa''.{{sfn|Manelli|2008|p=643}} Thereafter in 1481 and 1483, in response to the polemic writings of the prominent [[Thomism|Thomist]], [[Vincenzo Bandello]], Pope Sixtus IV published two more bulls which forbade anybody to preach or teach against the Immaculate Conception, or for either side to accuse the other of heresy, on pains of excommunication. 

[[Pope Pius V]] kept the feast on the tridentine calendar but suppressed the word "immaculate".{{sfn|Hernández|2019|p=38}} [[Pope Gregory XV|Gregory XV]] in 1622 prohibited any public or private assertion that Mary was conceived in sin. [[Pope Urban VIII|Urban VIII]] in 1624 allowed the Franciscans to establish a military order dedicated to the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception.{{sfn|Hernández|2019|p=38}} Following the promulgation of ''Ineffabilis Deus'' the typically Franciscan phrase "immaculate conception" reasserted itself in the title and euchology (prayer formulae) of the feast. [[Pope Pius IX|Pius IX]] solemnly promulgated a [[Mass (liturgy)|mass]] formulary drawn chiefly from one composed 400 years by a [[Papal Chamberlain|papal chamberlain]] at the behest of [[Pope Sixtus IV|Sixtus IV]], beginning "O God who by the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin".{{sfn|Manelli|2008|pp=643–644}}