Editing Instant replay (section)

===Basketball===
[[File:Tom Washington, Monty McCutchen, Brent Barnaky on March 30, 2011.jpg|thumb|right|NBA referees reviewing a play]]
In [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] basketball, the officials must watch an instant replay of a potential [[buzzer beater]] to determine if the shot was released before time expired. Since 2002, the NBA has mandated the installation of [[Light-emitting diode|LED]] light strips on both the backboard and the scorer's table that illuminate when time expires, to assist with any potential review.

Instant replay first came to the NBA in the 2002–03 season. In Game 4 of the 2002 Western Conference Finals, [[Los Angeles Lakers]] forward [[Samaki Walker]] made a three-point field goal from half-court at the end of the second quarter. However, the replay showed that Walker's shot was late and the ball was still in his hand when the clock expired. The use of instant replay was instituted afterward.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/30/sports/pro-basketball-nba-will-use-replay-to-review-buzzer-shots.html |title=Pro Basketball; N.B.A. Will Use Replay To Review Buzzer Shots |access-date=May 24, 2011 |work=The New York Times |date=July 30, 2002 }}</ref>

Beginning with the [[2007–08 NBA season|2007–08 season]], replay can also determine players being ejected from contests involving brawls or flagrant fouls. In the [[2008–09 NBA season|2008–09 season]], replay may also be used to correctly determine whether a scored field goal is worth two or three points. It may also choose the correct number of free throws awarded for a missed field goal. It may also be used in cases where the game clock malfunctions and play continues to decide how much time to take off the clock.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nba.com/2008/news/10/23/102108videoreplayrules/index.html |title=Djbescription of the NBA's new instant replay rules |access-date=16 November 2008 |work=NBA.com |date=23 October 2008 }}</ref>  In 2014, the NBA consolidated its replay work in a remote instant replay center to support officials in multiple games.<ref>{{cite web |title=Replay Center |date=14 October 2014 |url=https://official.nba.com/replay/ |publisher=NBA |access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref>

In college basketball, the same procedure may also be used to determine if a shot was released before time expired in either half or an overtime period. In addition, NCAA rules allow the officials to use instant replay to determine if a field goal is worth two or three points, which is to take a free throw, whether a fight occurred, and who participated in a fight. The officials may also check if the shot was made before the expiration of the shot clock, but only when such a situation occurs at the end of a half or an overtime period. Such rules have required the NCAA to write new rules stating that, when looking at instant replay video, the zeros on the clock, not the horn or red light, determine the end of the game.

In Italy, host broadcaster Sky agreed with [[Lega Basket Serie A|Serie A]] to adopt instant replay for special tournaments and playoff games, and in 2005, for the entire season. Instant replay would be used automatically in situations similar to the NCAA, but coaches may, like the NFL, have one coach's challenge to challenge a two or three-point shot. Officials may determine who last touched the ball in out-of-bounds or back-court violations.

The adoption of instant replay was crucial in the 2005 Serie A championship between [[Olimpia Milano|Armani Jeans Milano]] and [[Fortitudo Pallacanestro Bologna|Climamio Bologna]]. Bologna led the best-of-five series, 2–1, with Game 4 in Milan and the home team leading 65–64, as Climamio's Ruben Douglas connected on a three-point basket at the end of the game to win the Serie A championship.

Knowing the 12,000 fans on both sides, officials would learn the series' fate on their call and watch replays of the shot before determining whether it was valid.

The [[Euroleague Basketball (company)|EuroLeague Basketball (company)]] adopted instant replay for the 2006 EuroLeague Final Four. It changed the rule that the lights on the backboard, not the horn, will end a period, thus assisting with instant replay.<ref>[http://www.corrieretandem.com/printer.php?storyid=5341 League officials work with Sky TV for technical progress]</ref>

On April 6, 2006, [[FIBA]] announced instant replay for last-second shots would be legal for their competitions.

"The referee may use technical equipment to determine whether the ball has or has not left the player's hand(s) within the playing time on a last shot made at the end of each period or extra period."<ref>[https://www.fiba.basketball/news/PR-no-12-FIBA-accepts-video-proof-for-last-second-shots FIBA accepts video proof for last second shots]</ref>

2019, [[FIBA]] updated its IRS (Instant Replay System) manual further to summarize the accepted workflows and methods for video review.<ref>{{cite web |title=FIBA IRS Manual |url=http://www.basketref.com/documents/files/JB/FIBA_IRS_MANUAL_v01_LOW%20(1).pdf |website=Basketref |publisher=FIBA |access-date=21 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012002226/http://www.basketref.com/documents/files/JB/FIBA_IRS_MANUAL_v01_LOW%20%281%29.pdf |archive-date=12 October 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Before the beginning of the 2013-2014 NBA season, new instant replay rules were put into effect. They say that instant replay can be used for block/charge plays to determine if an off-ball foul occurred before or after a shooting motion began in a successful shot attempt or if the ball is released on a throw-in. They also began to use instant replay to determine correct penalties for flagrant fouls.<ref>[http://www.hothothoops.com/2013/7/18/4536744/nba-approves-of-five-new-rules-changes-for-2013-14-season NBA approves of five new rules changes for 2013-14 season]</ref>