Editing Japanese counter word (section)

==Euphonic changes==
Systematic changes occur when particular numbers precede counters that begin with certain phonemes. For example, {{lang|ja|一}} {{translit|ja|ichi}} + {{lang|ja|回}} {{translit|ja|kai}} → {{lang|ja|一回}} {{translit|ja|ikkai}}. The details are listed in the table below.

This can be the result of the morpho-phonological phenomenon of historical sound changes,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kobuchi-Philip|first=Mana|date=May 2007|title=Floating numerals and floating quantifiers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|journal=Lingua|volume=117|issue=5|pages=814–831|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.008|issn=0024-3841|url-access=subscription}}</ref> as shown by the voicing of {{lang|ja|匹}} {{translit|ja|hiki}}:

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|六  + 匹 → 六匹
|roku + '''h'''iki → ro'''pp'''iki
|six + {small animal}.CL {} {}
|}}

change from glottal {{IPA|[h]}} to bilabial {{IPA|[p]}}.

It may also be that some counters carry features which are responsible for {{what?|text=such euphonic changes|date=April 2023|reason=Difference between -ri and -nin isn't of phonetic nature.}} for singular, dual, and plural nouns, where singular carries [+singular, −augmented] features, dual carries [−singular, −augmented] features, and plural carries [−singular, +augmented] features.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Akira|date=2017-11-10|title=The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity|journal=Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics|volume=2|issue=1|pages=98|doi=10.5334/gjgl.116|issn=2397-1835|doi-access=free}}</ref>

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|一人
|hito-ri
|one-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|二人
|futa-ri
|two-person.CL
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=2
|三人
|san-'''nin'''
|three-person.CL
|}}

These changes are followed fairly consistently but exceptions and variations between speakers do exist. Where variations are common, more than one alternative is listed.

{{translit|ja|Jū}} is replaced by either {{translit|ja|ju-}} or {{translit|ja|ji-}} ({{lang|ja|じゅっ/じっ}}) followed by a doubled consonant before the voiceless consonants as shown in the table. {{translit|ja|Ji-}} is the older form, but it has been replaced by {{translit|ja|ju-}} in the speech of recent generations.

{| class="wikitable"
! Numeral
! k- ({{lang|ja|か}} {{lang|ja|きゃ}} etc.)
! s/sh- ({{lang|ja|さ}} {{lang|ja|しゃ}} etc.)
! t/ch- ({{lang|ja|た}} {{lang|ja|ちゃ}} etc.)
! h- ({{lang|ja|は}} {{lang|ja|ひ}} {{lang|ja|へ}} {{lang|ja|ほ}} {{lang|ja|ひゃ}} {{lang|ja|ひゅ}} {{lang|ja|ひょ}})
! f- ({{lang|ja|ふ}})
! p- ({{lang|ja|ぱ}} etc.)
! w- ({{lang|ja|わ}})
|-
| 1 {{translit|ja|ichi}}
| {{translit|ja|ikk-}} {{lang|ja|いっか}}
| {{translit|ja|iss-}} {{lang|ja|いっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|itt-}} {{lang|ja|いった}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ipp-}} {{lang|ja|いっぱ}}
|
|-
| 3 {{translit|ja|san}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
| {{translit|ja|sanp-}} {{lang|ja|さんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|sanb-}} {{lang|ja|さんば}}
|-
| 4 {{translit|ja|yon}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|yonh-}} {{lang|ja|よんは}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|yonf-}} {{lang|ja|よんふ}}
{{translit|ja|yonp-}} {{lang|ja|よんぷ}}
|
| {{translit|ja|yow-}} {{lang|ja|よわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonw-}} {{lang|ja|よんわ}}
{{translit|ja|yonb-}} {{lang|ja|よんば}}
|-
| 6 {{translit|ja|roku}}
| {{translit|ja|rokk-}} {{lang|ja|ろっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|rokuw-}} {{lang|ja|ろくわ}}
{{translit|ja|ropp-}} {{lang|ja|ろっぱ}}
|-
| 8 {{translit|ja|hachi}}
| {{translit|ja|hakk-}} {{lang|ja|はっか}}
| {{translit|ja|hass-}} {{lang|ja|はっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|hatt-}} {{lang|ja|はった}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|happ-}} {{lang|ja|はっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|hachiw-}} {{lang|ja|はちわ}}
|-
| 10 {{translit|ja|jū}}
| {{translit|ja|jikk-}} {{lang|ja|じっか}}
{{translit|ja|jukk-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっか}}
| {{translit|ja|jiss-}} {{lang|ja|じっさ}}
{{translit|ja|juss-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっさ}}
| {{translit|ja|jitt-}} {{lang|ja|じった}}
{{translit|ja|jutt-}} {{lang|ja|じゅった}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぷ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
{{translit|ja|jupp-}} {{lang|ja|じゅっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|jipp-}} {{lang|ja|じっぱ}}
|-
| 100 {{translit|ja|hyaku}}
| {{translit|ja|hyakk-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっか}}
|
|
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぷ}}
| {{translit|ja|hyapp-}} {{lang|ja|ひゃっぱ}}
|
|-
| 1000 {{translit|ja|sen}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|senb-}} {{lang|ja|せんば}}
| {{translit|ja|senp-}} {{lang|ja|せんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 10000 {{translit|ja|man}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|manb-}} {{lang|ja|まんば}}
| {{translit|ja|manp-}} {{lang|ja|まんぷ}}
|
|
|-
| 何 {{translit|ja|nan}}
|
|
|
| {{translit|ja|nanb-}} {{lang|ja|なんば}}
| {{translit|ja|nanp-}} {{lang|ja|なんぷ}}
|
|
|}