Editing Language interpretation (section)

=== Simultaneous ===
{{main|Simultaneous interpretation}}
[[File:Alan_ILO_1927_195A.jpg|thumb|left|Alan Gordon-Finlay trialling the [[Hush-A-Phone]] at the [[League of Nations]], {{circa|1927}} – ILO Historical Archives]]
[[File:Defendants in the dock at nuremberg trials.jpg|thumb|[[Nuremberg trial|Nuremberg defendants]] at dock listening to simultaneous interpretation]]
Simultaneous interpretation (SI) has the disadvantage that if a person is performing the service the interpreter must do the best they can within the time permitted by the pace of source speech. However they also have the advantages of saving time and not disturbing the natural flow of the speaker. SI can also be accomplished by software where the program can simultaneously listen to incoming speech and speak the associated interpretation. The most common form is extempore SI, where the interpreter does not know the message until they hear it.

Simultaneous interpretation using electronic equipment where the interpreter can hear the speaker's voice as well as the interpreter's own voice was introduced at the [[Nuremberg trials]] in 1945.{{Sfb|Gaiba|1998|p={{page needed|date=December 2021}}}} The equipment facilitated large numbers of listeners, and interpretation was offered in French, Russian, German and English.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://translationexcellence.com/history-simultaneous-interpretation/|title=The History of Simultaneous Interpretation|date=29 April 2014}}</ref> The technology arose in the 1920s and 1930s when American businessman [[Edward Filene]] and British engineer [[Alan Gordon Finlay]] developed simultaneous interpretation equipment with [[IBM]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infinitytranslations.com/simultaneous_interpretation_blog.html|title=The Origins of Simultaneous Interpretation Equipment|website=Infinity Translation Services|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227064330/http://www.infinitytranslations.com/simultaneous_interpretation_blog.html|archive-date=2017-02-27|url-status=dead|access-date=2017-09-29}}</ref> Yvonne Kapp attended a conference with simultaneous interpretation in 1935 in the Soviet Union.<ref>'I would switch about, listening to the speeches in French, in German, in Italian and marvel at this, to me, novel device.' Kapp, ''Time Will Tell'', Verso, 2003, p. 170.</ref> As it proved successful, IBM was able to sell the equipment to the [[United Nations]], where it is now widely used in the [[United Nations Interpretation Service]].

In the ideal setting for oral language, the interpreter sits in a sound-proof booth and speaks into a microphone, while clearly seeing and hearing the source-language speaker via earphones. The simultaneous interpretation is rendered to the target-language listeners via their earphones.