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Lisp (programming language)
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===2000 to present=== After having declined somewhat in the 1990s, Lisp has experienced a resurgence of interest after 2000. Most new activity has been focused around implementations of [[Common Lisp]], [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]], [[Emacs Lisp]], [[Clojure]], and [[Racket (programming language)|Racket]], and includes development of new portable libraries and applications. Many new Lisp programmers were inspired by writers such as [[Paul Graham (computer programmer)|Paul Graham]] and [[Eric S. Raymond]] to pursue a language others considered antiquated. New Lisp programmers often describe the language as an eye-opening experience and claim to be substantially more productive than in other languages.<ref name="sKh98">{{cite web |title=The Road To Lisp Survey |url=http://wiki.alu.org/The_Road_To_Lisp_Survey |access-date=2006-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004031130/http://wiki.alu.org/The_Road_To_Lisp_Survey |archive-date=2006-10-04}}</ref> This increase in awareness may be contrasted to the "[[AI winter]]" and Lisp's brief gain in the mid-1990s.<ref name="nb7MB">{{cite web |url=http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/ch14s05.html |title=Trends for the Future |publisher=Faqs.org |access-date=2013-11-15 |archive-date=2013-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603002452/http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/ch14s05.html}}</ref> {{As of|2010}}, there were eleven actively maintained Common Lisp implementations.<ref name="sWbGt">{{cite web|last=Weinreb|first=Daniel|title=Common Lisp Implementations: A Survey|url=http://common-lisp.net/~dlw/LispSurvey.html|access-date=4 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421181340/http://common-lisp.net/~dlw/LispSurvey.html|archive-date=2012-04-21}}</ref> The [[open-source-software movement|open source]] community has created new supporting infrastructure: [[CLiki]] is a wiki that collects Common Lisp related information, the [[Common Lisp directory]] lists resources, #lisp is a popular IRC channel and allows the sharing and commenting of code snippets (with support by [[lisppaste]], an [[IRC bot]] written in Lisp), [[Planet Lisp]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://planet.lisp.org/|title=Planet Lisp|access-date=2023-10-12}}</ref> collects the contents of various Lisp-related blogs, on [[LispForum]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lispforum.com|title=LispForum|access-date=2023-10-12}}</ref> users discuss Lisp topics, [[Lispjobs]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lispjobs.wordpress.com/|title=Lispjobs|access-date=2023-10-12}}</ref> is a service for announcing job offers and there is a weekly news service, ''[[Weekly Lisp News]]''. ''Common-lisp.net'' is a hosting site for open source Common Lisp projects. [[Quicklisp]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.quicklisp.org|title=Quicklisp|access-date=2023-10-12}}</ref> is a library manager for Common Lisp. Fifty years of Lisp (1958β2008) was celebrated at LISP50@OOPSLA.<ref name="Q9GcA">{{cite web|url=http://www.lisp50.org/ |title=LISP50@OOPSLA |publisher=Lisp50.org |access-date=2013-11-15}}</ref> There are regular local user meetings in Boston, Vancouver, and Hamburg. Other events include the European Common Lisp Meeting, the European Lisp Symposium and an International Lisp Conference. The Scheme community actively maintains [[Scheme (programming language)#Implementations|over twenty implementations]]. Several significant new implementations (Chicken, Gambit, Gauche, Ikarus, Larceny, Ypsilon) have been developed in the 2000s (decade). The Revised<sup>5</sup> Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme<ref name="92GaL">[http://www.schemers.org/Documents/Standards/R5RS/ Documents: Standards: R5RS]. schemers.org (2012-01-11). Retrieved on 2013-07-17.</ref> standard of Scheme was widely accepted in the Scheme community. The [[Scheme Requests for Implementation]] process has created a lot of quasi-standard libraries and extensions for Scheme. User communities of individual Scheme implementations continue to grow. A new language standardization process was started in 2003 and led to the R<sup>6</sup>RS Scheme standard in 2007. Academic use of Scheme for teaching computer science seems to have declined somewhat. Some universities are no longer using Scheme in their computer science introductory courses;<ref name="yVta1">{{cite news|url=http://cemerick.com/2009/03/24/why-mit-now-uses-python-instead-of-scheme-for-its-undergraduate-cs-program/|title=Why MIT now uses python instead of scheme for its undergraduate CS program|date=March 24, 2009|work=cemerick.com|access-date=November 10, 2013|archive-date=September 17, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917102705/http://cemerick.com/2009/03/24/why-mit-now-uses-python-instead-of-scheme-for-its-undergraduate-cs-program/}}</ref><ref name="XOiAA">{{cite news|url=http://mitadmissions.org/blogs/entry/the_end_of_an_era_1|title=The End of an Era|first=Evan|last=Broder|date=January 8, 2008|work=mitadmissions.org|access-date=November 10, 2013}}</ref> MIT now uses [[Python (programming language)|Python]] instead of Scheme for its undergraduate [[computer science]] program and MITx massive open online course.<ref name="MITEECS-Python">{{cite web |title=MIT EECS Undergraduate Programs |url=https://www.eecs.mit.edu/academics-admissions/undergraduate-programs |website=www.eecs.mit.edu |publisher=MIT Electrical Engineering & Computer Science |access-date=31 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="MITx-Phyton">{{cite web |title=MITx introductory Python course hits 1.2 million enrollments |url=https://www.eecs.mit.edu/news-events/announcements/mitx-introductory-python-course-hits-12-million-enrollments |website=MIT EECS |publisher=MIT Electrical Engineering & Computer Science |access-date=31 December 2018}}</ref> There are several new dialects of Lisp: [[Arc (programming language)|Arc]], [[Hy (programming language)|Hy]], [[Nu (programming language)|Nu]], [[Liskell]], and [[LFE (programming language)|LFE]] (Lisp Flavored Erlang). The parser for [[Julia (programming language)|Julia]] is implemented in Femtolisp, a dialect of [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]] (Julia is inspired by Scheme, which in turn is a Lisp dialect). In October 2019, [[Paul Graham (programmer)|Paul Graham]] released [http://paulgraham.com/bel.html a specification for Bel], "a new dialect of Lisp."
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