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===Independent Postal System of America=== In 1968, Thomas M. Murray (1927β2003) founded the Independent Postal System of America (IPSA)<ref name="wichitastampclub1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wichitastampclub.org/IPSA.html |title=Independent Postal System of America |publisher=Wichitastampclub.org |accessdate=2008-10-26 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517115720/http://www.wichitastampclub.org/IPSA.html |archivedate=May 17, 2006 }}</ref> as a nationwide commercial carrier of Third and Fourth Class Mail,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,838569,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213144749/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,838569,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 13, 2009 |title=A New Postman Cometh - TIME |publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=Aug 16, 1968 |access-date=2008-10-26}}</ref> in direct competition with the United States Post Office (USPO), now the United States Postal Service (USPS).<ref name="wichitastampclub1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://alphabetilately.org/L.html |title=Alphabetilately: L is for Local stamp |publisher=Alphabetilately.org |date= |accessdate=2008-10-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://jcgi.pathfinder.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,907081,00.html |title=The Private Postmen - TIME |publisher=Jcgi.pathfinder.com |date=Apr 2, 1973 |accessdate=2008-10-26 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> But in 1971, when the company entered the First Class delivery business, they endured a number of lawsuits brought against them, which finally led to the company's collapse in the mid-1970s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.altlaw.org/v1/cases/431768 |title=CIO v. Independent Postal System of America |publisher=AltLaw |date= |accessdate=2009-02-01}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://wyom.state.wy.us/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=133203 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111011235/http://wyom.state.wy.us/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=133203 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-11-11 |title=WYOM Found Document:National Ass'n of Letter Carriers, AFL-CIO v. Independent Postal System of America, Inc |publisher=Wyom.state.wy.us |accessdate=2009-02-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://casetext.com/case/american-post-wkrs-u-detroit-v-independent-post-ser |title=American Postal Workers Union, Detroit Local v. Independent Postal System of America, Inc. |publisher=AltLaw |date= |accessdate=2017-03-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vlex.com/vid/36771812 |title=National Association of Letter Carriers, Afl-Cio, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Independent Postal System of America, Incorporated, and Thomas M... |publisher=vLex |date= |accessdate=2009-02-01}}</ref> The company issued a number of stamps during the years of its operation, including commemoratives for [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Sanford L. Byrd Collection - Martin Luther King Part V |url=http://esperstamps.org/sanford6.htm |publisher=Ebony Society of Philatelic Events and Reflections |accessdate=2009-01-30 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908063629/http://esperstamps.org/sanford6.htm |archivedate=2008-09-08 }}</ref> and [[Charles Lindbergh]] before the USPS did.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History of IPSA (Independent Postal System of America) |url=http://www.dmacweb.com/IPSA/HistoryIPSA.pdf |author=Hanfelder, Art |accessdate=2017-03-09 |archive-date=2017-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312075558/http://www.dmacweb.com/IPSA/HistoryIPSA.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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