Editing Medicalization (section)

== Healthism ==
[[Public health]] campaigns have been criticized as a form of "healthism", which is moralistic in nature rather than primarily focused on health. Medical doctors Petr Shkrabanek and James McCormick wrote a series of publications on this topic in the late 1980s and early 1990s criticizing the UK's ''Health of The Nation'' campaign. These publications exposed abuse of epidemiology and statistics by public health authorities and organizations to support lifestyle interventions and screening programs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qpqBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA85 |title=The Tyranny of Health: Doctors and the Regulation of Lifestyle |date=2002-01-04 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-56346-3 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|page=85}}<ref name=":16">{{Cite book |last1=Fiona |first1=Sim |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jn8xC6_UW8YC&pg=PA7 |title=Issues In Public Health |last2=Martin |first2=McKee |date=2011-09-01 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education (UK) |isbn=978-0-335-24422-5 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|page=7}} Inculcating a fear of ill-health and a strong notion of individual responsibility has been derided as "health fascism" by some scholars as it objectifies the individual without considering emotional or social factors.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Fitzpatrick |first1=Katie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rm3MAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 |title=Health Education: Critical perspectives |last2=Tinning |first2=Richard |date=2014-02-05 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-07214-8 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|page=8}}<ref name=":16" />{{Rp|page=7}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zembylas |first=Michalinos |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YzorEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA81 |title=Affect and the Rise of Right-Wing Populism: Pedagogies for the Renewal of Democratic Education |date=2021-05-06 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-83840-5 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|page=81}}