Editing Metaheuristic (section)

=== Parallel metaheuristics ===
A [[parallel metaheuristic]] is one that uses the techniques of [[parallel programming]] to run multiple metaheuristic searches in parallel; these may range from simple [[distributed computing|distributed]] schemes to concurrent search runs that interact to improve the overall solution. 

With population-based metaheuristics, the population itself can be parallelized by either processing each individual or group with a separate thread or the metaheuristic itself runs on one computer and the offspring are evaluated in a distributed manner per iteration.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cantú-Paz |first=Erick |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4615-4369-5 |title=Efficient and Accurate Parallel Genetic Algorithms |date=2001 |publisher=Springer US |isbn=978-1-4613-6964-6 |series=Genetic Algorithms and Evolutionary Computation |volume=1 |location=Boston, MA |doi=10.1007/978-1-4615-4369-5}}</ref> The latter is particularly useful if the computational effort for the evaluation is considerably greater than that for the generation of descendants. This is the case in many practical applications, especially in simulation-based calculations of solution quality.<ref name=":6">{{Citation |last=Sudholt |first=Dirk |title=Parallel Evolutionary Algorithms |date=2015 |work=Springer Handbook of Computational Intelligence |pages=929–959 |editor-last=Kacprzyk |editor-first=Janusz |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-662-43505-2_46 |access-date=2024-09-04 |place=Berlin, Heidelberg |publisher=Springer |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-662-43505-2_46 |isbn=978-3-662-43504-5 |editor2-last=Pedrycz |editor2-first=Witold}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Citation |last1=Khalloof |first1=Hatem |last2=Mohammad |first2=Mohammad |last3=Shahoud |first3=Shadi |last4=Duepmeier |first4=Clemens |last5=Hagenmeyer |first5=Veit |date=2020-11-02 |title=A Generic Flexible and Scalable Framework for Hierarchical Parallelization of Population-Based Metaheuristics |work=Proc. of the 12th Int. Conf. on Management of Digital EcoSystems (MEDES'20) |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3415958.3433041 |language=en |publisher=ACM |pages=124–131 |doi=10.1145/3415958.3433041 |isbn=978-1-4503-8115-4}}</ref>