Editing Minbar (section)

=== Maghreb ===
In the [[Maghreb]], a number of wooden minbars have been preserved from the 10th to 15th centuries.<ref name=":242" /> The [[Great Mosque of Cordoba]] (in present-day Spain) hosted a famous minbar fabricated circa 975 on the orders of [[al-Hakam II]].<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|pages=50–51}} It has not survived to the present day, but it was probably emulated by the later minbars in the Maghreb that have been preserved.<ref name=":242" /><ref name=":0" />{{Rp|pages=|page=51}}

Among the oldest surviving examples in the Maghreb, after the minbar of Kairouan, is the minbar of the [[Mosque of the Andalusians]] in Fez, which was originally constructed in 980 and is partly preserved today. Its original woodwork is carved with geometric motifs that appear inspired by those of the minbar in Kairouan. When the minbar was modified in 985, some panels were replaced with panels of turned wood using a [[Bow drill|bow-drill]] technique. This is one of the earliest examples of this woodworking technique, which later became common in the fabrication of [[Mashrabiya|''mashrabiyya''s]] (wooden screens and balconies).<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=|pages=47, 51–52}}

The next oldest Maghrebi minbar to survive is that of the [[Great Mosque of Nedroma]], dated to around 1086, but only some fragments of its original structure remain. The minbar of the [[Great Mosque of Algiers (11th-century)|Great Mosque of Algiers]], dated to around 1097, is more substantially preserved and resembles the presumed form of the Cordoba minbar. Its sides are decorated with square panels of vegetal and sometimes geometric motifs.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|pages=52–53}}

{{Multiple image
| image1            = المنبر المرابطي 21 44 51 006000 (retouched).jpg
| image2            = المنبر المرابطي 21 44 14 447000.jpeg
| footer            = [[Minbar of the Kutubiyya Mosque|Almoravid Minbar]] in Marrakesh, commissioned in 1137, now at the [[El Badi Palace|Badi Palace Museum]]. Its surfaces are decorated with a mix of [[Islamic geometric patterns|geometric]] and [[arabesque]] motifs in [[marquetry]], [[inlay]], and [[Wood carving|carving]].
| total_width       = 350
}}
The most important surviving minbar of this artistic tradition is the [[Minbar of the Kutubiyya Mosque|Almoravid minbar]] in [[Marrakesh]], commissioned in 1137 by [[Ali ibn Yusuf]] and completed around 1145.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=|pages=21, 53}}<ref name=":242" /> During the [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] period later that century, it was moved to the [[Kutubiyya Mosque]] in the same city. It is housed today in the [[El Badi Palace|Badi Palace Museum]]. The richly-crafted minbar was fabricated in Cordoba and may thus provide some hint of the former style and craftsmanship of the Cordoba minbar,<ref name=":242" /> in addition to its other structural similarities.<ref name=":0" /> The decoration of this minbar, however, is more extravagant and sophisticated than any other surviving examples.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|pages=52–53}} It combines geometric and arabesque motifs executed in a mix of [[marquetry]], [[inlay]], and [[wood carving]].<ref name=":0" />

The only other minbar approaching, but not quite matching, the quality of the Almoravid minbar in Marrakesh is the minbar of the [[University of al-Qarawiyyin|Qarawiyyin Mosque]], also commissioned by Ali ibn Yusuf and completed in 1144.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Al_Andalus_The_Art_of_Islamic_Spain |title=Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain |publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |year=1992 |isbn=0870996371 |editor-last=Dodds |editor-first=Jerrilynn D. |location=New York |pages=364 |language=en |chapter=}}</ref><ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=57}} The other notable minbars produced after this, mostly found in present-day Morocco, generally imitate the style of the earlier Almoravid minbar.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=60}} These later minbars include the minbar of the [[Kasbah Mosque, Marrakesh|Kasbah Mosque]] in Marrakesh (circa 1189–1195), the minbar of the Mosque of the Andalusians following its Almohad renovation (circa 1203–1209), the minbar of the [[Great Mosque of Fes el-Jdid]] (circa 1276), the minbar of the [[Great Mosque of Taza]] (circa 1290–1300), and the minbar of the [[Bou Inania Madrasa]] in Fez (between 1350 and 1355). Even the much later minbar of the [[Mouassine Mosque]] in Marrakesh (between 1562 and 1573) continues to show imitations of the same tradition.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|pages=58–62}}