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Mirror neuron
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===Development=== Human infant data using eye-tracking measures suggest that the mirror neuron system develops before 12 months of age and that this system may help human infants understand other people's actions.<ref name="pmid16783366">{{cite journal | vauthors = Falck-Ytter T, GredebΓ€ck G, von Hofsten C | title = Infants predict other people's action goals | journal = Nature Neuroscience | volume = 9 | issue = 7 | pages = 878β9 | date = July 2006 | pmid = 16783366 | doi = 10.1038/nn1729 | s2cid = 2409686 }}</ref> A critical question concerns how mirror neurons acquire mirror properties. Two closely related models postulate that mirror neurons are trained through [[Hebbian theory|Hebbian]]<ref name="pmid15491904">{{cite journal | vauthors = Keysers C, Perrett DI | title = Demystifying social cognition: a Hebbian perspective | journal = Trends in Cognitive Sciences | volume = 8 | issue = 11 | pages = 501β507 | date = November 2004 | pmid = 15491904 | doi = 10.1016/j.tics.2004.09.005 | s2cid = 8039741 }}</ref> or [[Associative learning]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heyes C | title = Causes and consequences of imitation | journal = Trends in Cognitive Sciences | volume = 5 | issue = 6 | pages = 253β261 | date = June 2001 | pmid = 11390296 | doi = 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01661-2 | s2cid = 15602731 }}</ref><ref name="pmid16126449">{{cite journal | vauthors = Brass M, Heyes C | title = Imitation: is cognitive neuroscience solving the correspondence problem? | journal = Trends in Cognitive Sciences | volume = 9 | issue = 10 | pages = 489β95 | date = October 2005 | pmid = 16126449 | doi = 10.1016/j.tics.2005.08.007 | s2cid = 1594505 }}</ref><ref name=Heyes2010/> (see [[Associative Sequence Learning]]). However, if premotor neurons need to be trained by action in order to acquire mirror properties, it is unclear how newborn babies are able to mimic the facial gestures of another person (imitation of unseen actions), as suggested by the work of [[Andrew N. Meltzoff|Meltzoff]] and Moore. One possibility is that the sight of tongue protrusion recruits an [[innate releasing mechanism]] in neonates. Careful analysis suggests that 'imitation' of this single gesture may account for almost all reports of facial mimicry by new-born infants.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Anisfeld M |year=1996 |title=Only tongue protruding modeling is matched by neonates |journal=Developmental Review |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=149β161 |doi=10.1006/drev.1996.0006}}</ref>
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