Editing Monarchy (section)

===Role of monarch===
Monarchy, especially absolute monarchy, is sometimes linked to [[Religion|religious]] aspects; many monarchs once claimed the right to rule by the will of a [[deity]] ([[Divine right of kings|Divine Right of Kings]], [[Mandate of Heaven]]), or a special connection to a deity ([[sacred king]]), or even purported to be divine kings, or [[incarnation]]s of deities themselves ([[imperial cult]]). Many European monarchs have been styled {{Lang|la|[[Defender of the Faith|Fidei defensor]]}} (Defender of the Faith); some hold official positions relating to the [[state religion]] or established church.

In the Western political tradition, a morally based, balanced monarchy was stressed as the ideal form of government, and little attention was paid to modern-day ideals of egalitarian democracy: e.g. [[Thomas Aquinas|Saint Thomas Aquinas]] unapologetically declared: "Tyranny is wont to occur not less but more frequently on the basis of polyarchy [rule by many, i.e. oligarchy or democracy] than on the basis of monarchy." (''On Kingship''). However, Thomas Aquinas also stated that the ideal monarchical system would also have at lower levels of government both an aristocracy and elements of democracy in order to create a balance of power. The monarch would also be subject to both natural and divine law, and to the [[Catholic Church|Church]] in matters of religion.

In [[Dante Alighieri]]'s ''De Monarchia'', a spiritualised, imperial Catholic monarchy is strongly promoted according to a [[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Ghibelline]] world-view in which the "royal religion of [[Melchizedek]]" is emphasised against the priestly claims of the rival papal ideology.

In [[Saudi Arabia]], the [[King of Saudi Arabia|king]] is a head of state who is both the absolute monarch of the country and the [[Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques]] of Islam (خادم الحرمين الشريفين).

The roles of monarchs can overlap with other monarchies through [[personal union]] or [[dynastic union]], with maybe becoming institutional [[real union]] and possibly a larger [[federal monarchy|federal]], [[composite monarchy|composite]] or [[Unitary state|unitary]] monarchy, [[realm]] and state.