Editing Neurotechnology (section)

===Electrophysiology===
[[Electroencephalography]] (EEG) is a method of measuring brainwave activity non-invasively. A number of electrodes are placed around the head and scalp and electrical signals are measured.<ref name = "Purves_2007">{{cite book | vauthors = Purves D |title=Neuroscience, Fourth Edition |publisher=Sinauer Associates, Inc. |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-87893-697-7 |page=715}}</ref> Clinically, EEGs are used to study epilepsy as well as stroke and tumor presence in the brain. [[Electrocorticography]] (ECoG) relies on similar principles but requires invasive implantation of electrodes on the brain's surface to measure local field potentials or action potentials more sensitively.

[[Magnetoencephalography]] (MEG) is another method of measuring activity in the brain by measuring the magnetic fields that arise from electrical currents in the brain.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Hämäläinen M |date=November 2007 |title=Magnetoencephalography (MEG) |publisher=Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging |url=http://www.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/martinos/research/technologiesMEG}}</ref> The benefit to using MEG instead of EEG is that these fields are highly localized and give rise to better understanding of how specific loci react to stimulation or if these regions over-activate (as in epileptic seizures).

There are potential uses for EEG and MEG such as charting rehabilitation and improvement after trauma as well as testing neural conductivity in specific regions of epileptics or patients with personality disorders. EEG has been fundamental in understanding the resting brain during sleep.<ref name = "Purves_2007" /> Real-time EEG has been considered for use in [[lie detection]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Farwell LA, Smith SS | title = Using brain MERMER testing to detect knowledge despite efforts to conceal | journal = Journal of Forensic Sciences | volume = 46 | issue = 1 | pages = 135–43 | date = January 2001 | pmid = 11210899 | doi = 10.1520/JFS14925J | s2cid = 45516709 }}</ref>
Similarly, real-time fMRI is being researched as a method for pain therapy by altering how people perceive pain if they are made aware of how their brain is functioning while in pain. By providing direct and understandable feedback, researchers can help patients with chronic pain decrease their symptoms.<ref name="deCharms2005">{{cite journal |author1-link=Christopher deCharms
|author3-link=Gary H. Glover | vauthors = deCharms RC, Maeda F, Glover GH, Ludlow D, Pauly JM, Soneji D, Gabrieli JD, Mackey SC | display-authors = 6 | title = Control over brain activation and pain learned by using real-time functional MRI | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 102 | issue = 51 | pages = 18626–31 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16352728 | pmc = 1311906 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0505210102 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2005PNAS..10218626D }}</ref>