Editing Oberon (programming language) (section)

==Implementations and variants==

===Oberon===
No-cost implementations of Oberon (the language) and Oberon (the operating system) can be found on the Internet (several are from ETHZ itself).

===Oberon-2===
{{Main|Oberon-2}}
A few changes were made to the first released specification. For example, [[object-oriented programming]] (OOP) features were added, the <code>FOR</code> loop was reinstated. The result was ''[[Oberon-2]]''. One release, named ''[[Native Oberon]]'' which includes an operating system, and can directly boot on [[IBM PC compatible]] class hardware. A [[.NET Framework|.NET]] implementation of Oberon with some added minor .NET-related extensions was also developed at ETHZ. In 1993, an ETHZ [[university spin-off]] company brought a dialect of Oberon-2 to the market named ''Oberon-L''. In 1997, it was renamed ''[[Component Pascal]]''.

Oberon-2 compilers developed by ETH include versions for [[Microsoft Windows]], [[Linux]], [[Oracle Solaris|Solaris]], and [[classic Mac OS]]. Implementations from other sources exist for some other operating systems, including [[Atari TOS]] and [[AmigaOS]].

There is an Oberon-2 [[Lex (software)|Lex]] scanner and [[Yacc]] [[parser]] by Stephen J Bevan of Manchester University, UK, based on the one in the [[Hanspeter Mössenböck|Mössenböck]] and Wirth reference. It is at version 1.4.

Other compilers include Oxford Oberon-2,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spivey |date=8 April 2019 |url=http://spivey.oriel.ox.ac.uk/corner/Oxford_Oberon-2_compiler |title=Oxford Oberon-2 compiler |access-date=17 January 2021}}</ref> which also understands Oberon-07, and Vishap Oberon.<ref>{{Cite web |author=dcwbrown |date=16 June 2020 |url=https://github.com/vishaps/voc/ |title=Vishap Oberon Compiler |website=GitHub |access-date=17 January 2021}}</ref> The latter is based on Josef Templ's Oberon to [[C (programming language)|C]] language [[source-to-source compiler]] (transpiler) named Ofront,<ref>{{Cite web |author=jtempl |date=2 January 2020 |url=https://github.com/jtempl/ofront/ |title=Ofront |website=GitHub |access-date=17 January 2021}}</ref> which in turn is based on the OP2 Compiler developed by Regis Crelier at ETHZ.

===Oberon-07===
Oberon-07, defined by Niklaus Wirth in 2007 and revised in 2008, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 is based on the original version of Oberon rather than Oberon-2. The main changes are: explicit numeric conversion functions (e.g., <code>FLOOR</code> and <code>FLT</code>) must be used; the <code>WITH</code>, <code>LOOP</code> and <code>EXIT</code> statements were omitted; <code>WHILE</code> statements were extended; <code>CASE</code> statements can be used for type extension tests; <code>RETURN</code> statements can only be connected to the end of a function; imported variables and structured value parameters are read-only; and, arrays can be assigned without using <code>COPY</code>.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Wirth |first=Niklaus |date=3 May 2016 |url=https://people.inf.ethz.ch/wirth/Oberon/Oberon07.Report.pdf |title=The Programming Language Oberon-07 |website=ETH Zurich, Department of Computer Science |access-date=17 January 2021}}</ref>

Oberon-07 compilers have been developed for use with many different computer systems. Wirth's compiler targets a [[reduced instruction set computer]] (RISC) processor of his own design that was used to implement the 2013 version of the [[Project Oberon]] operating system on a Xilinx [[field-programmable gate array]] (FPGA) Spartan-3 board. Ports of the RISC processor to FPGA Spartan-6, Spartan-7, Artix-7 and a RISC emulator for Windows (compilable on Linux and [[macOS]], and binaries available for Windows) also exist. [https://miasap.se/obnc/ OBNC] compiles via C and can be used on any Portable Operating System Interface ([[POSIX]]) compatible operating system. The commercial [http://www.astrobe.com Astrobe] implementation targets STM ARM Cortex-M0, M3, M4, M7 and Raspberry Pi RP2040 and RP2350 microcontrollers. The [https://github.com/congdm/Patchouli-Compiler Patchouli] compiler produces 64-bit Windows binaries. [http://www.exaprog.com/ Oberon-07M] produces 32-bit Windows binaries and implements revision 2008 of the language. [https://github.com/AntKrotov/oberon-07-compiler Akron's] produces binaries for both Windows and Linux. [http://oberspace.org/oberonjs.html OberonJS] translates Oberon to [[JavaScript]]. There is [https://visual.sfu-kras.ru online IDE for Oberon]. [https://github.com/lboasso/oberonc oberonc] is an implementation for the [[Java virtual machine]].

===Active Oberon===
[[Active Oberon]] is yet another variant of Oberon, which adds objects (with object-centered access protection and local activity control), system-guarded assertions, preemptive priority scheduling and a changed syntax for methods (named ''[[Oberon-2#Type-bound procedures|type-bound procedures]]'' in Oberon vocabulary). Objects may be active, which means that they may be threads or processes. Further, Active Oberon has a way to implement operators (including overloading), an advanced syntax for using arrays (see [http://www.ethoberon.ethz.ch/native/compiler/x.index.html OberonX language extensions] and Proceedings<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Friedrich |first1=Felix |last2=Gutknecht |first2=Jürg |author-link=Jürg Gutknecht |editor1-last=Lightfoot |editor1-first=David E. |editor2-last=Szyperski |editor2-first=Clemens |date=2006 |chapter=Array-Structured Object Types for Mathematical Programming |volume=4228 |publisher=Springer, Berlin Heidelberg |pages=195–210 |isbn=978-3-540-40927-4 |encyclopedia=Modular Programming Languages |doi=10.1007/11860990_13 |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science|s2cid=34210781 }}</ref> of the 7th Joint Modular Languages Conference 2006 Oxford, UK), and knows about [[namespace]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ocp.inf.ethz.ch/wiki/Documentation/Language?action=download&upname=contexts.pdf |title=Proposal for Module Contexts}}</ref> The operating system [[A2 (operating system)|A2]] (formerly ''Active Object System'' (AOS),<ref name="AOSthesis">{{Cite thesis |type=PhD |last=Muller |first=Pieter Johannes |date=2002 |title=The active object system design and multiprocessor implementation |url=http://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/eserv/eth:26082/eth-26082-02.pdf |publisher=Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich ([[ETH Zurich]])}}</ref> then ''Bluebottle''), especially the [[Kernel (operating system)|kernel]], synchronizes and coordinates different active objects.

ETHZ has released [[Active Oberon]] which supports active objects, and the operating systems based thereon (Active Object System (AOS), Bluebottle, A2), and environment (JDK, HTTP, FTP, etc.) for the language. As with many prior designs from ETHZ, versions of both are available for download on the Internet. As of 2003, supported [[central processing unit]]s (CPUs) include single and dual core [[x86]], and [[StrongARM]].

===Related languages===
Development continued on languages in this family. A further extension of Oberon-2 was originally named Oberon/L but later renamed to [[Component Pascal]] (CP).  CP was developed for Windows and [[classic Mac OS]] by Oberon microsystems, a commercial spin-off company from ETHZ, and for .NET by [[Queensland University of Technology]]. Further, the languages ''Lagoona''<ref>{{Cite report |last1=Fröhlich |first1=Peter H. |last2=Franz |first2=Michael |date=<!-- Undated 2002? --> |title=On Certain Basic Properties of Component-Oriented Programming Languages |url=http://oberon2005.oberoncore.ru/paper/ph2001.pdf |publisher=University of California, Irvine |access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fröhlich |first1=Peter H. |last2=Gal |first2=Andreas |last3=Franz |first3=Michael |date=April 2005 |title=Supporting software composition at the programming language level |journal=Science of Computer Programming |volume=56 |issue=1–2 |pages=41–57 |publisher=Elsevier B.V. |doi=10.1016/j.scico.2004.11.004|doi-access=free }} Retrieved 18 January 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Franz |first1=Michael |last2=Fröhlich |first2=Peter H. |last3=Kistler |first3=Thomas |date=20 November 1999 |chapter=Towards language support for component-oriented real-time programming |title=Proceedings: Fifth International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems |pages=125–129 |publisher=[[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE) |doi=10.1109/WORDSF.1999.842343 |isbn=0-7695-0616-X|s2cid=6891092 }} Retrieved 21 January 2021.</ref> and ''[[Obliq]]'' carry Oberon methods into specialized areas.

Later .NET development efforts at ETHZ focused on a new language named [[Zonnon]]. This includes the features of Oberon and restores some from Pascal (enumerated types, built-in IO) but has some syntactic differences. Other features include support for active objects, operator overloading, and exception handling.

Oberon-V (originally named Seneca, after [[Seneca the Younger]]) is a descendant of Oberon designed for numerical applications on [[supercomputer]]s, especially vector or [[Pipeline (computing)|pipelined]] architectures. It includes array constructors and an <code>ALL</code> statement.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Griesemer |first=Robert |date=1993 |chapter=A Language for Numerical Applications on Vector Computers |title=Proceedings CONPAR 90: VAPP IV Conference, Diss Nr. 10277 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref>