Editing Object database (section)

==Standards==
The [[Object Data Management Group]]  was a consortium of object database and object–relational mapping vendors, members of the academic community, and interested parties. Its goal was to create a set of specifications that would allow for portable applications that store objects in database management systems. It published several versions of its specification. The last release was ODMG 3.0. By 2001, most of the major object database and object–relational mapping vendors claimed conformance to the ODMG Java Language Binding. Compliance to the other components of the specification was mixed. In 2001, the ODMG Java Language Binding was submitted to the [[Java Community Process]] as a basis for the [[Java Data Objects]] specification. The ODMG member companies then decided to concentrate their efforts on the Java Data Objects specification. As a result, the ODMG disbanded in 2001.

Many object database ideas were also absorbed into [[SQL:1999]] and have been implemented in varying degrees in [[object–relational database]] products.

In 2005 Cook, Rai, and Rosenberger proposed to drop all standardization efforts to introduce additional object-oriented query APIs but rather use the OO programming language itself, i.e., Java and .NET, to express queries.  As a result, [[Native Queries]] emerged. Similarly, Microsoft announced [[Language Integrated Query]] (LINQ) and DLINQ, an implementation of LINQ, in September 2005, to provide close, language-integrated database query capabilities with its programming languages C# and VB.NET 9.

In February 2006, the [[Object Management Group]] (OMG) announced that they had been granted the right to develop new specifications based on the ODMG 3.0 specification and the formation of the Object Database Technology Working Group (ODBT WG). The ODBT WG planned to create a set of standards that would incorporate advances in object database technology (e.g., replication), data management (e.g., spatial indexing), and data formats (e.g., XML) and to include new features into these standards that support domains where object databases are being adopted (e.g., real-time systems).  The work of the ODBT WG was suspended in March 2009 when, subsequent to the economic turmoil in late 2008, the ODB vendors involved in this effort decided to focus their resources elsewhere.

In January 2007 the [[World Wide Web Consortium]] gave final recommendation status to the [[XQuery]] language.  XQuery uses [[XML]] as its data model. Some of the ideas developed originally for object databases found their way into XQuery, but XQuery is not intrinsically object-oriented. Because of the popularity of XML, XQuery engines compete with object databases as a vehicle for storage of data that is too complex or variable to hold conveniently in a relational database. XQuery also allows modules to be written to provide encapsulation features that have been provided by Object-Oriented systems.

[[XQuery|XQuery v1]] and [[XPath 2.0|XPath v2]] and later are powerful and are available in both open source and libre (FOSS) software,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://basex.org/basex/xquery/|title=BaseX XQuery Processor|website=basex.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216035330/https://basex.org/basex/xquery/|archive-date=2023-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://exist-db.org/exist/apps/doc/xquery|title=XQuery in eXist-db|website=exist-db.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202052435/https://exist-db.org/exist/apps/doc/xquery|archive-date=2023-12-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saxonica.com/html/documentation/using-xquery/index.html|title=Saxon - Using XQuery|website=www.saxonica.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923004515/https://www.saxonica.com/html/documentation/using-xquery/index.html|archive-date=2020-09-23}}</ref> as well as in commercial systems. They are easy to learn and use, and very powerful and fast. They are not relational and XQuery is not based on SQL (although one of the people who designed XQuery also co-invented SQL). But they are also not object-oriented, in the programming sense: XQuery does not use encapsulation with hiding, implicit dispatch, and classes and methods. XQuery databases generally use XML and JSON as an interchange format, although other formats are used.

Since the early 2000s [[JSON]] has gained community adoption and popularity in applications where developers are in control of the data format. [[JSONiq]], a query-analog of XQuery for JSON (sharing XQuery's core expressions and operations), demonstrated the functional equivalence of the JSON and XML formats for data-oriented information. In this context, the main strategy of OODBMS maintainers was to retrofit JSON to their databases (by using it as the internal data type).

In January 2016, with the [[PostgreSQL|PostgreSQL 9.5 release]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/functions-json.html|title=PostgreSQL: Documentation: 10: 9.15. JSON Functions and Operators|website=www.postgresql.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518071030/http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/functions-json.html|archive-date=2016-05-18}}</ref> was the first FOSS OODBMS  to offer an efficient JSON internal datatype (JSONB) with a complete set of functions and  operations,  for all basic relational and non-relational manipulations.