Editing Objectivist movement (section)

===Peikoff–Kelley split===
In 1989, another major split occurred within the Objectivist movement. Peter Schwartz criticized [[David Kelley]], a philosopher and lecturer then affiliated with ARI, for giving a speech under the auspices of [[Laissez Faire Books]] (LFB), a libertarian [[bookseller]].<ref>{{harvnb|Kelley|2000|p=13}}.</ref> Schwartz argued that this activity violated the Objectivist moral principle of sanction. In other words, Kelley was implicitly conferring moral approval on the organization by appearing at an event that it sponsored. LFB, in turn, was morally objectionable because it promoted books, such as ''The Passion of Ayn Rand'' (1986), that Schwartz maintained were hostile and defamatory towards Rand and Objectivism as well as being the world's center for literature promoting anarchism, which Rand condemned as "childish" and subjectivist.<ref>{{cite journal |title=On Sanctioning the Sanctioners |journal=The Intellectual Activist |date=February 27, 1989 |volume=4 |issue=20 |first=Peter |last=Schwartz |page=1}}</ref> (Although Schwartz made no mention of it, Leonard Peikoff had signed copies of his book ''The Ominous Parallels'' at three LFB events in 1982. According to Peikoff, he later broke off relations with LFB after being told that LFB offered [[Anarchism|anarchist]] literature.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ramsey |first=Bruce |date=January–February 2008 |title=''Laissez-Faire'': R.I.P.? |journal=Liberty |volume=22 |issue=1 |url=http://www.libertyunbound.com/archive/2008_01/ramsey-lf.html |access-date=July 25, 2009 |archive-date=May 11, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090511193146/http://libertyunbound.com/archive/2008_01/ramsey-lf.html |url-status=live }}</ref>)

Kelley responded, in a paper titled "A Question of Sanction", by disputing Schwartz's interpretation of the sanction principle in particular and his interpretation of moral principles in general.<ref>Kelley's paper was at first circulated privately, but is reproduced as an appendix in {{harvnb|Kelley|2000|pp=113–117}}.</ref> Subsequently, in an essay appearing in ''The Intellectual Activist'', Peikoff endorsed Schwartz's view and claimed that Kelley's arguments contradicted the fundamental principles of Objectivism. Peikoff maintained that many non-Objectivist systems of thought, such as Marxism, are based on "inherently dishonest ideas" whose advocacy must never be sanctioned.<ref name="Peikoff">{{harvnb|Peikoff|1989}}</ref> He attributed the fall of NBI and subsequent schisms not to "differences in regard to love affairs or political strategy or proselytizing techniques or anybody's personality", but to a "fundamental and philosophical" cause: "If you grasp and accept the concept of 'objectivity,' in all its implications, then you accept Objectivism, you live by it and you revere Ayn Rand for defining it. If you fail fully to grasp and accept the concept, whether your failure is deliberate or otherwise, you eventually drift away from Ayn Rand's orbit, or rewrite her viewpoint or turn openly into her enemy." Those who criticized his position were to make their exit: "If you agree with the Branden or Kelley viewpoint or anything resembling it—please drop out of our movement: drop Ayn Rand, leave Objectivism alone. We do not want you and Ayn Rand would not have wanted you [...]"<ref name="Peikoff"/>

Kelley responded to the Peikoff–Schwartz critique in his monograph, ''Truth and Toleration'', later updated as ''The Contested Legacy of Ayn Rand''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Truth and Toleration |last=Kelley |first=David |location=Verbank, New York |publisher=Institute for Objectivist Studies |year=1990}} Revised as {{harvnb|Kelley|2000}}.</ref> He responded to his ostracism by founding the Institute for Objectivist Studies (IOS), later renamed The Objectivist Center (TOC) and then [[The Atlas Society]] (TAS), with the help of Ed Snider, one of the founders of the Ayn Rand Institute. Kelley was joined by Objectivist scholars George Walsh<ref>{{cite journal |title=A Statement |journal=The Intellectual Activist |date=November 17, 1989 |volume=5 |issue=3 |first=George |last=Walsh |page=5}}</ref> and Jim Lennox, as well as former Collective members Joan and Allan Blumenthal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Summer Seminar 1995: Faculty Biographies |url=http://www.objectivistcenter.org/events/oldsems/seminars-sem95.asp#fac |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207064712/http://www.objectivistcenter.org/events/oldsems/seminars-sem95.asp#fac |date=1995 |archive-date=February 7, 2009 |access-date=July 28, 2009 |website=The Objectivist Center |url-status=usurped}}</ref>