Editing Observatory (section)

====Oldest astronomical observatories====
{{main|List of archaeoastronomical sites by country}}
The oldest proto-observatories, in the sense of an [[observation post]] for astronomy,<ref name="Micheau-992-3" />
* [[Wurdi Youang]], Australia
* [[Zorats Karer]], [[Karahunj]], Armenia
* [[Loughcrew]], Ireland
* [[Newgrange]], Ireland
* [[Stonehenge]], Great Britain
* [[Chankillo]], Peru
* [[Chichen Itza|El Caracol]], Mexico
* [[Buto]], Egypt<ref>{{Cite web |last=Radley |first=Dario |date=2024-08-24 |title=Ancient astronomical observatory discovered in Egypt |url=https://archaeologymag.com/2024/08/astronomical-observatory-discovered-in-kafr-el-sheikh/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=Archaeology News Online Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Abu Simbel]], Egypt
* [[Kokino]], [[Kumanovo]], North Macedonia
* [[Hipparchus|Observatory at Rhodes]], Greece<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/facts/5/147663/Hipparchus-as-discussed-in-astronomical-observatory Facts about Hipparchus: astronomical observatory, as discussed in astronomical observatory:]". Encyclopædia Britannica.{{Dead link|date=May 2014}}</ref>
* [[Goseck circle]], Germany
* [[Ujjain]], India
* [[Arkaim]], Russia
* [[Cheomseongdae]], South Korea
* [[Angkor Wat]], Cambodia

The oldest true observatories, in the sense of a specialized [[research institute]],<ref name = "Micheau-992-3">{{Cite book |contributor-last=Micheau |contributor-first=Francoise |contribution=The Scientific Institutions in the Medieval Near East |pages=992–3 |last1=Rashed |first1=Roshdi |last2=Morelon |first2=Régis |date=1996 |title=Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-12410-2 |title-link=Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science}}</ref><ref name="Barrett">Peter Barrett (2004), ''Science and Theology Since Copernicus: The Search for Understanding'', p. 18, [[Continuum International Publishing Group]], {{ISBN|0-567-08969-X}}.</ref><ref name=Kennedy-1962>{{Cite journal |last=Kennedy |first=Edward S. |date=1962 |title=Review: ''The Observatory in Islam and Its Place in the General History of the Observatory'' by Aydin Sayili |journal=[[Isis (journal)|Isis]] |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=237–239 |doi=10.1086/349558 }}</ref> include:
* 825: [[Astronomy in medieval Islam#Observatories|Al-Shammisiyyah Observatory]], [[Baghdad]], Iraq
* 869: [[Sankaranarayana|Mahodayapuram Observatory]], [[Kerala]], India
* 1259: [[Maragheh observatory|Maragheh Observatory]], [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Azerbaijan]], Iran
* 1276: [[Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory]], China
* 1420: [[Ulugh Beg Observatory]], [[Samarkand|Samarqand]], Uzbekistan
* 1442: [[Beijing Ancient Observatory]], China
* 1577: [[Constantinople Observatory of Taqi ad-Din]], Turkey
* 1580: [[Uraniborg]], Denmark
* 1581: [[Stjerneborg]], Denmark
* 1633: [[Leiden Observatory]], Netherlands
* 1642: [[Panzano Observatory]], Italy
* 1642: [[Rundetårn|Round Tower]], Denmark
* 1667: [[Paris Observatory]], France
* 1675: [[Royal Greenwich Observatory]], England
* 1695: [[Sukharev Tower]], Russia
* 1711: [[Berlin Observatory]], Germany
* 1724: [[Jantar Mantar]], India
* 1753: [[Stockholm Observatory]], Sweden
* 1753: [[Vilnius University Observatory]], Lithuania
* 1753: [[Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada]], Spain<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spainisculture.com/en/archivo-biblioteca/cadiz/real_instituto_y_observatorio_de_la_armada_de_san_fernando.html |title=Royal Institute and Observatory of the San Fernando Armada |access-date=2013-09-13 |archive-date=2012-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308002803/http://www.spainisculture.com/en/archivo-biblioteca/cadiz/real_instituto_y_observatorio_de_la_armada_de_san_fernando.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 1759: [[Trieste Observatory]], Italy.
* 1757: [[Macfarlane Observatory]], Scotland.
* 1759: [[Turin Observatory]], Italy.
* 1764: [[Brera Astronomical Observatory]], Italy.
* 1765: [[Johan Maurits Mohr|Mohr Observatory]], Indonesia.
* 1771: [[Astronomical Observatory of Lviv University|Lviv Observatory]], Ukraine.
* 1774: [[Vatican Observatory|Observatory of the Vatican]], Italy.
* 1785: [[Dunsink Observatory]], Ireland.
* 1786: [[Madras Observatory]], India.
* 1789: [[Armagh Observatory]], Northern Ireland.
* 1790: [[Royal Observatory of Madrid]], Spain,<ref>{{cite web |title=Real Observatorio de Madrid – Breve semblanza histórica |url=http://www.fomento.es/MFOM/LANG_CASTELLANO/DIRECCIONES_GENERALES/INSTITUTO_GEOGRAFICO/Astronomia/instalaciones/oam/default.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726052016/http://www.fomento.es/MFOM/LANG_CASTELLANO/DIRECCIONES_GENERALES/INSTITUTO_GEOGRAFICO/Astronomia/instalaciones/oam/default.htm |archive-date=2013-07-26 |language=es}}</ref>
* 1803: [[National Astronomical Observatory (Colombia)|National Astronomical Observatory]], Bogotá, Colombia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.observatorio.unal.edu.co |title=Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (Universidad Nacional de Colombia) |access-date=2019-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511173449/http://www.observatorio.unal.edu.co/ |archive-date=2008-05-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 1811: [[Tartu Observatory|Tartu Old Observatory]], [[Estonia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitestonia.com/en/on-its-200th-anniversary-tartu-old-observatory-opens-doors-as-a-museum |title=On its 200th Anniversary Tartu Old Observatory Opens Doors as a Museum |publisher=Visit Estonia |date=26 April 2011 |access-date=26 January 2013 |archive-date=29 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429074717/http://www.visitestonia.com/en/on-its-200th-anniversary-tartu-old-observatory-opens-doors-as-a-museum |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 1812: [[Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte]], Naples, Italy
* 1830/1842: [[United States Naval Observatory|Depot of Charts & Instruments/US Naval Observatory]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/butowsky5/astro4g.htm |title=Astronomy and Astrophysics (United States Naval Observatory) |publisher=Heritage Preservation Services, National Park Service |date=2001-11-05 |access-date=2011-11-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629103924/http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/butowsky5/astro4g.htm |archive-date=2011-06-29 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1086/384852 | jstor = 237905 | last1 = Portolano | first1 = M. | title = John Quincy Adams's Rhetorical Crusade for Astronomy | journal = Isis | volume = 91 | issue = 3 | pages = 480–503 | year = 2000 | pmid = 11143785| s2cid = 25585014 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1235690 |via=Zenodo }}</ref> US
* 1830: [[Yale University Observatory]] Atheneum, US
* 1834: [[Helsinki University Observatory]], Finland<ref>[http://www.helsinki.fi/astro/vaiheet/ History of astronomy at University of Helsinki 1834–1984] {{in lang|fi}}.</ref>
* 1838: [[Hopkins Observatory|Hopkins Observatory, Williams College]], US
* 1838: [[Loomis Observatory]], [[Western Reserve Academy]], US
* 1839: [[Pulkovo Observatory]], Russia
* 1842: [[Cincinnati Observatory]], US
* 1844: [[Georgetown University Astronomical Observatory]], US
* 1847: [[Harvard College Observatory]], US
* 1854: [[Detroit Observatory]], US
* 1873: [[Quito Astronomical Observatory]], Ecuador
* 1878: [[Lisbon Astronomical Observatory]], Portugal
* 1884: [[McCormick Observatory]], US
* 1888: [[Lick Observatory]], US
* 1890: [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory]], US
* 1894: [[Lowell Observatory]], US
* 1895: [[Theodor Jacobsen Observatory]], US
* 1897: [[Yerkes Observatory]], US
* 1899: [[Kodaikanal Solar Observatory]], India