Editing Ovulation (section)

== Disorders ==
Disorders of ovulation, also known as '''ovulatory disorders''' are classified as [[menstrual disorder]]s and include oligoovulation (infrequent or irregular ovulation) and anovulation (absence of ovulation):<ref name="MUKHERJIGANGULYSEAL">{{cite book | author1 = JOYDEV MUKHERJI | author2 = RAJENDRA PRASAD GANGULY | author3 = SUBRATA LALL SEAL | title = BASICS OF GYNECOLOGY FOR EXAMINEES: ALL IN ONE : THEORY, CLINICS & CASE DISCUSSION, INSTRUMENTS AND SPECIMENS, OPERATIVE GYNECOLOGY AND RADIOLOGY (X-RAY, USG INCLUDING 3D) | publisher = Academic Publishers | pages = 244– | isbn = 9789387162303 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LqCmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA244}}</ref>

* Oligoovulation is infrequent or irregular ovulation (usually defined as cycles of greater than 36 days or fewer than 8 cycles a year)
* [[Anovulation]] is absence of ovulation when it would be normally expected (in a post-[[menarche|menarchal]], premenopausal female).  Anovulation usually manifests itself as irregularity of menstrual periods, that is, unpredictable variability of intervals, duration, or bleeding. Anovulation can also cause cessation of periods (secondary amenorrhea) or excessive bleeding ([[dysfunctional uterine bleeding]]).

The [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) has developed the following classification of ovulatory disorders:<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=fh2hJDiLOyAC&pg=PA54 Page 54] in: {{cite book | first1 = Enda | last1 = McVeigh | first2 = John | last2 = Guillebaud | first3 = Roy | last3 = Homburg | name-list-style = vanc |title=Oxford handbook of reproductive medicine and family planning |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford [Oxfordshire] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-19-920380-2 }}</ref>

* WHO group I: [[Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis]] failure
* WHO group II: Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis dysfunction. WHO group II is the most common cause of ovulatory disorders, and the most common causative member is [[polycystic ovary syndrome]] (PCOS).<ref>{{cite journal | title = Health and fertility in World Health Organization group 2 anovulatory women | journal = Human Reproduction Update | volume = 18 | issue = 5 | pages = 586–99 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22611175 | doi = 10.1093/humupd/dms019 | doi-access =  | last1 = Baird | first1 = D. T. | last2 = Balen | first2 = A. | last3 = Escobar-Morreale | first3 = H. F. | last4 = Evers | first4 = J. L. H. | last5 = Fauser | first5 = B. C. J. M. | last6 = Franks | first6 = S. | last7 = Glasier | first7 = A. | last8 = Homburg | first8 = R. | last9 = La Vecchia | first9 = C. | last10 = Devroey | first10 = P. | last11 = Diedrich | first11 = K. | last12 = Fraser | first12 = L. | last13 = Gianaroli | first13 = L. | last14 = Liebaers | first14 = I. | last15 = Sunde | first15 = A. | last16 = Tapanainen | first16 = J. S. | last17 = Tarlatzis | first17 = B. | last18 = Van Steirteghem | first18 = A. | last19 = Veiga | first19 = A. | last20 = Crosignani | first20 = P. G. | last21 = Evers | first21 = J. L. H. }}</ref>
* WHO group III: [[Ovarian failure]]
* WHO group IV: [[Hyperprolactinemia]]

[[Menstrual disorder]]s can often indicate ovulatory disorder.<ref name="Seli2011">{{cite book | editor = Emre Seli | date = 2 February 2011 | title = Infertility | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | pages = | isbn = 978-1-4443-9394-1 | oclc = 1083163793 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=avCA9eCuAc8C&pg=PT35}}</ref>