Editing Pécs (section)

=== The Hungarian city in the Middle Ages ===
[[File:Pécs - Castle 01.jpg|thumb|left|The Barbakán]]
[[File:Crypt. Pécs Cathedral4.jpg|thumb|Crypt of the cathedral from the [[Middle Ages]]]]
[[File:Shield runic.jpg|thumb|Stone shield pattern of Pécs with [[Old Hungarian script]] (circa 1250 AD)]]

According to [[György Györffy]]'s theory of place names, after the Hungarians [[Conquest of Hungary|conquered the Carpathian Basin]], they retained a semi-nomadic lifestyle, changing pastures between winter and summer. [[Árpád]]'s winter quarters – clearly after his occupation of Pannonia in 900 – were perhaps in Pécs.<ref name= Gubcsi>Gubcsi, Lajos (2011). [http://mek.oszk.hu/09100/09132/09132.pdf Hungary in the Carpathian Basin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312171632/http://mek.oszk.hu/09100/09132/09132.pdf |date=2020-03-12 }}, MoD Zrínyi Media Ltd</ref> Later, when the [[Counties of Hungary (1000–1920)| Comitatus]] of Baranya was established, the capital of the comitatus was not Pécs but a nearby castle, [[Branjin|Baranyavár]] ('Baranya Castle'). Pécs, however, became an important religious centre and episcopal seat. In Latin documents, the city was mentioned as ''Quinque Ecclesiae''. Around 1000, the area was inhabited by the [[Black Magyars]]. The Deed of Foundation of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Pécs|Diocese of Pécs]] was issued in 1009.

The [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Pécs]] was founded in 1009 by [[Stephen I of Hungary|Stephen I]], and the first university in Hungary was founded in Pécs in 1367 by [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis I the Great]]. (The largest university, with about 34,000 students, is still based in Pécs.)<ref>[http://www.okm.gov.hu/main.php?folderID=1488&articleID=233289&ctag=articlelist&iid=1 www.okm.gov.hu, Oktatási és Kulturális Minisztérium oldala, Az Oktatási Évkönyv 2008/2009 letölthető PDF-formátumban.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070625120920/http://www.okm.gov.hu/main.php?folderID=1488 |date=2007-06-25 }}</ref>

[[Peter Orseolo]], the second king of Hungary, was buried in the cathedral in 1046. The location of his grave is unknown. This is because the cathedral burnt down shortly after Pécs hosting the 1064 [[Easter]] celebrations by King [[Solomon of Hungary |Solomon]], after him making peace with his cousin, the later King [[Géza I of Hungary|Géza I]]. The cathedral was rebuilt in the second half of the 11th century and stands until today.

Several religious orders settled down in Pécs. The [[Benedictine order]] was the first in 1076. In 1181, there was already a hospital in the city. The first [[Dominican order|Dominican]] monastery of the country was built in Pécs in 1238.

King Louis I the Great founded a university in Pécs in 1367, following the advice of [[Bishopric of Pécs |the city's bishop]], William, who was also the king's chancellor. It was the first university in Hungary. The founding document is almost word for word identical with that of the [[University of Vienna]], stating that the university has the right to teach all arts and sciences, with the exception of [[theology]].

In 1459, [[Janus Pannonius]], the most important medieval poet of Hungary became the bishop of Pécs. He strengthened the cultural importance of the city.

The great [[Humanism|humanist]] poet, bishop [[Janus Pannonius]], developed Pécs into one of the cultural and arts centres of the country.<ref>[http://www.dravanet.hu/hunor/frame-pecs%20hun.htm Pécs kulturális központ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090315062531/http://dravanet.hu/hunor/frame-pecs%20hun.htm |date=2009-03-15 }}</ref>