Editing Pazuzu (section)

==Demonic relationships==
===Parents and siblings===
His father is Hanpu, "The staggering one" or "The perverted one".{{sfn|Wiggermann|p=373}}

===Wind demons===
Lilû (wind) demons are the class to which Pazuzu and his subjects belong.{{sfn|Wiggermann|p=372}}

There is a connection to the earlier Babylonian personifications of [[The Four Winds (Mesopotamian)|The Four Winds]].{{sfn | Wiggermann | 2007}} These beings, as depicted on several cylinder seals, have wings, and each represents a different wind direction; South, East, West, and North.{{sfn | Wiggermann | 2007}} Franz Wiggermann calls attention to the crooked positioning of the masculine West Wind{{sfn | Wiggermann | 2007}} in seals, as similar to posture in Pazuzu's iconography.{{sfn | Wiggermann | 2007}} More connections appear in later seals, as this same bent-over figure takes on talons and a scorpion's tail.{{sfn | Wiggermann | 2007}} The main difference in their depictions is the head, thus Wiggerman concludes that it is Pazuzu's body and not his head that denotes him as a wind demon.{{sfn | Wiggermann | 2007}} Another scholar, Scott Noegel, asserts that Pazuzu's possession of four wings links to the term ''kippatu'', meaning  "circle, loop, circumference, and totality",{{sfn | Noegel | 2018}} suggesting his control over all cardinal directions of wind inherited from his predecessors.{{sfn | Noegel | 2018}}

===Lamastu===
The baby-snatching [[Lamastu]] was attested as both a subject of{{sfn|Wiggermann|p=372}} and an antagonist of Pazuzu. It is theorized that Pazuzu could have been created specifically as a counter to her. Initially she existed as an independent demoness, with no distinct connection to other demons.{{sfn | Wiggermann | 2007}} Then in the Late Bronze Age she took on the lilû demon classification, thus Pazuzu was introduced as a way to chase her from the home and back into the underworld.{{sfn | Wiggermann | 2007}} It does also seem to be that Pazuzu's first appearances and Lamastu's reassigning as a lilû both originate from the same time and place, the Middle Assyrian Empire, but this could be a coincidence.{{sfn | Wiggermann | 2007}}

On one Lamastu amulet, a scene shows Pazuzu chasing the demoness away from her victim,{{sfn | Wiggermann | 2007}} while another displays him destroying it.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Horowitz |first=Wayne |title=A Woman of Valor: Jerusalem Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Joan Goodnick Westenholz |publisher=CSIC Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-8400091330 |pages=66}}</ref>

On a Neo-Assyrian bronze plaque, Pazuzu's head is perched above the top of the plaque, and a smaller version of him in the scene is chasing Lamastu away down a river.{{sfn | Maiden | 2018 | p=87}} Other protective spirits also appear in the plaque, including [[apkallu]] and other animal-headed demons, there to protect the person who is lying down on a bed.{{sfn | Maiden | 2018 | p=87}}

===Bes===
Some scholars believe that Egyptian demon [[Bes]] is a counterpart of Pazuzu.{{sfn|Wiggermann|p=372}}{{sfn | ''Mesopotamian Medicine and Magic'' | 2019 | p=274}} Both are known to be protector demons{{sfn | El-Kilany | 2017 | p=1}} in the home.{{sfn | El-Kilany | 2017 | p=1}} They have iconographic links: both having lion parts,{{sfn | El-Kilany | 2017 | p=2}} wings, a distinctly long phallus, and similar facial features.{{sfn | ''Mesopotamian Medicine and Magic'' | 2019 | p=284}} There are noted similarities between the positioning of the two on protective amulets as well.{{sfn | ''Mesopotamian Medicine and Magic'' | 2019 | p=284}} Another close connection is their association with the protection of pregnant women and mothers.{{sfn | ''Mesopotamian Medicine and Magic'' | 2019 | p=284}}{{sfn | El-Kilany | 2017 | p=3}}

There is evidence that the two were in each other's cultural spheres. A possible Pazuzu figure was found in Egypt,{{sfn | ''Mesopotamian Medicine and Magic'' | 2019 | p=284}} as well as Bes amulets uncovered in sites in Iran.{{sfn | ''Mesopotamian Medicine and Magic'' | 2019 | p=284}} In a seventh century era fort in [[Nimrud]], five Pazuzu heads were found near a Bes amulet.{{sfn | ''Mesopotamian Medicine and Magic'' | 2019 | p=284}}

One theory posits a connection in their names - that Bes, like Pazuzu, could have been derived from the king name [[Sumerian King|Bazi]]{{sfn | ''Mesopotamian Medicine and Magic'' | 2019 | p=285}} - although Pazuzu's name has not yet been proven to have originated from Bazi,{{sfn | ''Mesopotamian Medicine and Magic'' | 2019 | p=274}} nor, it is speculated, has Bes's name been proven to be of foreign origin.{{sfn | ''Mesopotamian Medicine and Magic'' | 2019 | p=285}}

===Other protective demons===
On some amulets, Pazuzu appears alongside [[Ugallu]] and [[Lulal]], protective deities who were thought to solely benefit mankind{{sfn | Heeßel | 2011 | p=366}} thus their presences here may be apotropaic, or deployed to minimise Pazuzu's maleficent aspect.{{sfn | Heeßel | 2011 | p=366}} Their common positioning on the back of the amulet out of sight of the viewer could suggest the latter.{{sfn | Heeßel | 2011 | p=366}} They have also been present on the back of half-relief Pazuzu heads,{{sfn | Heeßel | 2011 | p=366}} again out of sight.{{sfn | Heeßel | 2011 | p=366}}