Editing Perl (section)

=== Perl 6 and Raku ===
{{Main|Raku (programming language)}}
[[Image:Camelia.svg|thumb|''Camelia'', the logo for the Perl 6 project<ref>{{cite web |url=http://perl6.org/ |title=Perl 6 |access-date=2011-02-27 |publisher=The Perl 6 Project |archive-date=February 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221094526/http://perl6.org/ |url-status=live}}</ref>]]

At the 2000 [[O'Reilly Open Source Convention|Perl Conference]], Jon Orwant made a case for a major new language initiative.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl6.meta/2000/10/msg424.html |title=Transcription of Larry's talk |access-date=2011-01-25 |last=Torkington |first=Nathan |publisher=nntp.perl.org |archive-date=May 1, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501081806/http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl6.meta/2000/10/msg424.html |url-status=live}}</ref> This led to a decision to begin work on a redesign of the language, to be called Perl 6. Proposals for new language features were solicited from the Perl community at large, which submitted more than 300 [[Request for Comments|RFCs]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Perl6 - The future of Perl|url=https://www.java-samples.com/showtutorial.php?tutorialid=1443|access-date=2021-05-18|website=www.java-samples.com}}</ref>

Wall spent the next few years digesting the RFCs and synthesizing them into a coherent framework for Perl 6. He presented his design for Perl 6 in a series of documents called "apocalypses" – numbered to correspond to chapters in ''Programming Perl''. {{as of|2011|January}}, the developing specification of Perl 6 was encapsulated in design documents called Synopses – numbered to correspond to Apocalypses.<ref name="syn6">{{cite web |url=http://perlcabal.org/syn/ |title=Official Perl 6 Documentation |access-date=2011-01-25 |publisher=The Perl 6 Project |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103918/http://perlcabal.org/syn/ |archive-date=August 31, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Thesis work by [[Bradley M. Kuhn]], overseen by Wall, considered the possible use of the [[Java virtual machine]] as a runtime for Perl.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Kuhn |first=Bradley M. |author-link=Bradley M. Kuhn |title=Considerations on Porting Perl to the Java Virtual Machine |type=MS thesis |publisher=University of Cincinnati |date=January 2001 |url=http://www.ebb.org/bkuhn/writings/technical/thesis/ |access-date=2008-06-28 |archive-date=March 21, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321164747/http://ebb.org/bkuhn/writings/technical/thesis/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Kuhn's thesis showed this approach to be problematic. In 2001, it was decided that Perl 6 would run on a cross-language [[virtual machine]] called [[Parrot virtual machine|Parrot]].

In 2005, [[Audrey Tang]] created the [[Pugs (compiler)|Pugs]] project, an implementation of Perl 6 in [[Haskell]]. This acted as, and continues to act as, a test platform for the Perl 6 language (separate from the development of the actual implementation), allowing the language designers to explore. The Pugs project spawned an active Perl/Haskell cross-language community centered around the [[Libera Chat]] #raku IRC channel. Many [[functional programming]] influences were absorbed by the Perl 6 design team.<ref>{{Cite book|author1=chromatic|author1-link=chromatic (programmer)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JUjmsgEACAAJ|title=Modern Perl|date=2015|publisher=Pragmatic Bookshelf|isbn=978-1-68050-088-2|language=en}}</ref>

In 2012, Perl 6 development was centered primarily on two compilers:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://perl6.org/compilers/features |title=Feature comparison of Perl 6 compilers |access-date=March 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811073233/https://perl6.org/compilers/features |archive-date=August 11, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
# [[Rakudo]], an implementation running on the Parrot virtual machine and the Java virtual machine.<ref>{{cite web |last=Worthington |first=Jonathan |title=Rakudo JVM News: More tests, plus Thread and Promise prototypes |url=http://6guts.wordpress.com/2013/07/15/rakudo-jvm-news-more-tests-plus-thread-and-promise-prototypes/ |work=6guts |date=July 15, 2013 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=October 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005055559/http://6guts.wordpress.com/2013/07/15/rakudo-jvm-news-more-tests-plus-thread-and-promise-prototypes/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
# [[Niecza]], which targets the [[Common Language Runtime]].

In 2013, [[MoarVM]] ("Metamodel On A Runtime"), a C language-based [[virtual machine]] designed primarily for Rakudo was announced.<ref>{{cite web |last=Worthington |first=Jonathan |title=MoarVM: A virtual machine for NQP and Rakudo |url=http://6guts.wordpress.com/2013/05/31/moarvm-a-virtual-machine-for-nqp-and-rakudo/ |work=6guts |date=May 31, 2013 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=July 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709185252/http://6guts.wordpress.com/2013/05/31/moarvm-a-virtual-machine-for-nqp-and-rakudo/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2019, Perl 6 was renamed to Raku.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/802329/ |title=rename-lwn |access-date=November 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017155422/https://lwn.net/Articles/802329/ |archive-date=October 17, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{As of|2017}} only the Rakudo implementation and MoarVM are under active development, and other virtual machines, such as the Java Virtual Machine and [[JavaScript]], are supported.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://github.com/rakudo/rakudo/ |title=rakudo/rakudo - GitHub |publisher=GitHub.com |access-date=2013-09-21 |archive-date=July 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729084734/https://github.com/rakudo/rakudo/ |url-status=live}}</ref>